The Question is from neet-botany plant-physiology , and it was created by the author K SURESH KUMAR

Question

Which of the following processes directly contributes to the opening of stomata?

K SURESH KUMAR · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: B
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
	**Primary Concept**: Stomatal opening and closing mechanism, driven by changes in turgor pressure within guard cells.
	**Related Topics**: Osmosis, active transport, plant physiology, gas exchange, transpiration.
	**Prerequisites**: Understanding of osmosis, turgor pressure, and the role of stomata.
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
	The question asks about the direct cause of stomatal opening.
	Options relate to different factors affecting guard cell function.
**Method & Steps**:
	1. **Recall the mechanism of stomatal opening**: Stomata open when guard cells become turgid.
		Reasoning: Turgor pressure causes the guard cells to swell and curve, creating an opening (stoma).
	2. **Identify the cause of increased turgor pressure**:  Active transport of potassium ions ($K^+$) into guard cells lowers the water potential inside the cells.
		Working: This creates a water potential gradient, driving water into the guard cells via osmosis.
		Key Point: The influx of water increases turgor pressure.
	3. **Relate options to the mechanism**: Analyze how each option affects guard cell turgor pressure.
		Result: Active transport of $K^+$ directly leads to increased turgor pressure and stomatal opening.
		Verification: Other options either decrease turgor pressure or are related to stomatal closure.
## OPTION ANALYSIS
[A] :x: **Release of abscisic acid (ABA) by guard cells**: ABA is a plant hormone that promotes stomatal closure, especially under water stress. It signals the outflow of $K^+$ and water, reducing turgor pressure.
[B] ✓: **Active transport of potassium ions into guard cells**: This is the correct answer. The influx of $K^+$ decreases water potential in guard cells, leading to water influx via osmosis and increased turgor pressure, causing stomatal opening.
[C] :x: **Decreased turgor pressure in guard cells**: Decreased turgor pressure causes stomata to close, not open.
[D] :x: **Movement of water out of guard cells**: Water leaving guard cells reduces turgor pressure, leading to stomatal closure.
## LEARNING AIDS
	**Common Mistakes**:
		1. Confusing the roles of ABA and $K^+$: Remember that ABA promotes closure, while $K^+$ influx promotes opening.
		2. Misunderstanding the relationship between turgor pressure and stomatal opening/closing: Higher turgor pressure opens stomata, lower turgor pressure closes them.
	**Quick Tips**:
		1. Remember the 'potassium in, water in, stomata open' sequence.
		2. Visualize the guard cells swelling like balloons when they take in water due to $K^+$ influx.

K SURESH KUMAR · Answer

Release of abscisic acid (ABA) by guard cells

K SURESH KUMAR · Answer

The correct Option is "Active transport of potassium ions into guard cells"

K SURESH KUMAR · Answer

Decreased turgor pressure in guard cells

K SURESH KUMAR · Answer

Movement of water out of guard cells

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