The Question is from neet-botany anatomy-of-flowering-plants dicot-leaf, and it was created by the author NISHANTH

Question

In a dicot leaf exhibiting Kranz anatomy, the mesophyll cells uniquely possess:

NISHANTH · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: A
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
 **Primary Concept**: C4 photosynthesis and Kranz anatomy
 **Related Topics**: Chloroplast structure, photosynthesis pathways, leaf anatomy
 **Prerequisites**: Understanding of chloroplast structure (grana, stroma), C3 vs. C4 photosynthesis.
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
  Dicot leaf with Kranz anatomy.
  Kranz anatomy is a specific arrangement of cells in C4 plants.
**Method & Steps**:
 1. Understand Kranz Anatomy: Kranz anatomy involves a ring of bundle sheath cells surrounding vascular bundles in the leaf.  Mesophyll cells are located outside this ring.
  Reasoning: In C4 plants, the initial carbon fixation occurs in mesophyll cells, and subsequent steps in the Calvin cycle occur in the bundle sheath cells.
  Formula/Rule: None directly applicable.
 2. Consider Chloroplast Differences:  Mesophyll and bundle sheath chloroplasts have distinct structures adapted to their roles in C4 photosynthesis.
  Working: Mesophyll chloroplasts are primarily involved in carbon fixation using PEP carboxylase.  They need to efficiently capture CO2. Bundle sheath chloroplasts focus on the Calvin cycle and require a high concentration of RuBisCo.
  Key Point: The structural differences in chloroplasts reflect their functional specialization in C4 photosynthesis.
 3. Identify Mesophyll Chloroplast Characteristics: Mesophyll chloroplasts in C4 plants are characterized by well-developed grana (sites of light-dependent reactions) and reduced stroma lamellae (sites of carbon fixation in C3 plants, but less important in C4 mesophyll).
  Result: Option A accurately describes the mesophyll chloroplasts in a dicot leaf exhibiting Kranz anatomy.
  Verification: The structure described in option A facilitates efficient light-dependent reactions and the initial CO2 fixation step in C4 photosynthesis. 
 ## OPTION ANALYSIS
A ✓: Larger chloroplasts with well-developed grana and reduced stroma lamellae. This is correct. The well-developed grana are needed for efficient light-dependent reactions, while reduced stroma lamellae reflect the reduced role of the Calvin cycle in the mesophyll cells of C4 plants.
B :x: Smaller chloroplasts with rudimentary grana and abundant stroma lamellae. This is incorrect.  C4 mesophyll chloroplasts are not small, and they don't have abundant stroma lamellae.
C :x: Chloroplasts similar in size and structure to bundle sheath chloroplasts. This is incorrect. Mesophyll and bundle sheath chloroplasts have distinct structures in C4 plants.
D :x: Chloroplasts lacking both grana and stroma lamellae. This is incorrect. Chloroplasts require grana for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
 ## LEARNING AIDS
 **Common Mistakes**:
  1.Confusing C3 and C4 pathways: Remember that the spatial separation of carbon fixation and the Calvin cycle is key to C4 photosynthesis.
  2.Ignoring the functional significance of chloroplast structure: The structure of the chloroplast is directly related to its role in photosynthesis.
 **Quick Tips**:
  1.Visualize the Kranz anatomy diagram to understand the spatial arrangement of cells.
  2.Remember that C4 plants have evolved mechanisms to concentrate CO2 around RuBisCo.

NISHANTH · Answer

The correct Option is "Larger chloroplasts with well-developed grana and reduced stroma lamellae."

NISHANTH · Answer

Smaller chloroplasts with rudimentary grana and abundant stroma lamellae.

NISHANTH · Answer

Chloroplasts similar in size and structure to bundle sheath chloroplasts.

NISHANTH · Answer

Chloroplasts lacking both grana and stroma lamellae.

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