The Question is from neet-botany anatomy-of-flowering-plants tissue-system, and it was created by the author B VENKAT

Question

The **periderm**, a complex tissue that replaces the epidermis in older stems and roots of woody plants, comprises which of the following tissues?

B VENKAT · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: A
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
 **Primary Concept**: Plant anatomy, specifically the structure and function of periderm in woody plants.
 **Related Topics**: Secondary growth, epidermis, cork cambium, phellogen, phellem (cork), phelloderm.
 **Prerequisites**: Basic understanding of plant tissues and their functions.
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
The question asks about the composition of the periderm, a protective tissue replacing the epidermis in older woody plants.
**Method & Steps**:
1. Understand the definition of periderm: Periderm is the protective layer that replaces the epidermis during secondary growth in woody plants.  It is a secondary dermal tissue.
2. Identify the components of periderm:  The periderm is composed of three main tissues:
    * **Phellem (cork):**  The outermost layer, composed of dead cells at maturity, providing protection against water loss, mechanical injury, and pathogens.
    * **Phellogen (cork cambium):** The meristematic layer that produces phellem to the outside and phelloderm to the inside.
    * **Phelloderm:** A layer of living parenchyma cells produced by the phellogen inwards. 
3. Match the components with the options: Option A correctly lists all three components: phellem, phellogen, and phelloderm.
  Result: The correct answer is A.
  Verification:  The definition and composition of periderm are consistent with option A.
 ## OPTION ANALYSIS
A ✓:  Correctly identifies the three tissues that constitute the periderm: phellem, phellogen, and phelloderm.
B :x: Lists tissues found in the primary plant body (epidermis, cortex, endodermis), but not the components of the periderm.
C :x: Lists tissues involved in vascular transport (xylem, phloem, vascular cambium), which are not part of the periderm.
D :x: Lists different types of ground tissues (parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma), but not the specific tissues that make up the periderm.
 ## LEARNING AIDS
 **Common Mistakes**:
  1. Confusing periderm with epidermis: Remember that periderm replaces the epidermis in older stems and roots.
  2. Misunderstanding the role of phellogen: Phellogen is the meristematic tissue that produces the other components of the periderm.
 **Quick Tips**:
  1. Remember the mnemonic “P3” for the components of the periderm: Phellem, Phellogen, Phelloderm.
  2. Visualize a cross-section of a woody stem to understand the relative positions of these tissues.

B VENKAT · Answer

The correct Option is "Phellem, phellogen, and phelloderm"

B VENKAT · Answer

Epidermis, cortex, and endodermis

B VENKAT · Answer

Xylem, phloem, and vascular cambium

B VENKAT · Answer

Parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma

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