The Question is from neet-botany anatomy-of-flowering-plants , and it was created by the author D VINOD

Question

Heart wood and sapwood of dicot plants are respectively, called as

D VINOD · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: A
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
	**Primary Concept**: Plant Anatomy - Secondary Growth in Dicots
	**Related Topics**: Wood structure, Xylem, Phloem, Vascular Cambium, Cork Cambium
	**Prerequisites**: Basic understanding of plant tissues and secondary growth.
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
	The question asks for the respective names of heartwood and sapwood in dicot plants.
**Method & Steps**:
	1. **Heartwood**: The inner, non-functional, dark-colored wood is called heartwood or duramen.
		Reasoning: It loses its water-conducting ability due to the deposition of tyloses, gums, resins, etc. in the xylem vessels. This gives it a darker color.
	2. **Sapwood**: The outer, functional, light-colored wood is called sapwood or alburnum.
		Working: It actively conducts water and minerals through the xylem vessels. It is lighter in color because it lacks the deposits found in heartwood.
	3. **Relating the terms**: Heartwood is duramen and sapwood is alburnum.
		Result: The correct answer is 'Duramen and Alburnum'.
		Verification: This matches option A.
## OPTION ANALYSIS
[A] ✓: 'Duramen and Alburnum' is the correct terminology for heartwood and sapwood, respectively.
[B] :x: 'Alburnum and Duramen' reverses the correct order. Alburnum is sapwood, and duramen is heartwood.
[C] :x: 'Phellem and Phelloderm' refer to parts of the periderm, formed by the cork cambium. Phellem is cork, and phelloderm is the secondary cortex.
[D] :x: 'Periderm and Phellogen' also relate to the outer protective layers. Periderm consists of phellem, phellogen (cork cambium), and phelloderm. Phellogen is the meristematic tissue responsible for secondary growth in the outer bark.
## LEARNING AIDS
	**Common Mistakes**:
		1. Confusing the order of duramen and alburnum: Remember that duramen (heartwood) is inner and dark, while alburnum (sapwood) is outer and light.
		2. Mixing up xylem-related terms with periderm-related terms: Remember that heartwood and sapwood relate to secondary xylem, while phellem, phellogen, and phelloderm relate to the periderm (outer bark).
	**Quick Tips**:
		1. **D**uramen is **D**eep inside (heartwood).
		2. **S**apwood is on the **S**urface (outer layer).

D VINOD · Answer

The correct Option is "Duramen and Alburnum"

D VINOD · Answer

Alburnum and Duramen

D VINOD · Answer

Phellem and Phelloderm

D VINOD · Answer

Periderm and Phellogen

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