The Question is from neet-botany cell-cycle-and-cell-division , and it was created by the author K SURESH KUMAR

Question

Which of the following accurately describes the role of motor proteins during anaphase of mitosis?

K SURESH KUMAR · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: C
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
 **Primary Concept**: Motor proteins in mitosis
 **Related Topics**: Kinesins, Dyneins, Microtubules, Anaphase, Mitosis, Cell division
 **Prerequisites**: Understanding of microtubule structure and polarity, the roles of kinesins and dyneins as motor proteins.
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
  The question asks about the roles of kinesins and dyneins during anaphase of mitosis.
  Anaphase is the stage where sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.
**Method & Steps**:
 1. Understand the roles of kinesins and dyneins.
  Reasoning: Kinesins generally move towards the plus end of microtubules, while dyneins move towards the minus end.
  Formula/Rule: N/A
 2. Consider the microtubule organization during anaphase.
  Working: Kinetochore microtubules attach to chromosomes at the kinetochores.  The plus ends of these microtubules are near the chromosomes. Astral microtubules radiate from the centrosomes to the cell cortex.
  Key Point:  Chromosome movement during anaphase is primarily driven by the shortening of kinetochore microtubules.
 3. Analyze the options.
  Result: Option C correctly describes the roles of kinesins and dyneins. Kinesins move chromosomes towards the plus ends of kinetochore microtubules (which effectively shortens the microtubule and pulls the chromosome towards the pole), while dyneins act on astral microtubules, pushing the spindle poles further apart. Options A, B, and D are incorrect based on the established roles and mechanisms of these motor proteins during anaphase.
  Verification: The accepted model of anaphase chromosome movement involves the depolymerization of kinetochore microtubules at the plus ends near the chromosomes, and this process is facilitated by kinesins. Dynein's role in pushing the spindle poles apart contributes to the overall separation of chromosomes.
 ## OPTION ANALYSIS
A :x: Incorrect. Kinesins move towards the plus end, not the minus end.
B :x: Incorrect. Dyneins primarily act on astral microtubules to separate the poles, not directly on kinetochore microtubules to move chromosomes.
C ✓: Correct. Kinesins move chromosomes towards the plus ends of kinetochore microtubules, and dyneins move the poles apart by acting on astral microtubules.
D :x: Incorrect. Kinesins and dyneins don't act on the same kinetochore microtubule simultaneously in this manner.
 ## LEARNING AIDS
 **Common Mistakes**:
  1.Confusing the directionality of kinesin and dynein movement: Remember kinesins move towards the plus end, dyneins towards the minus end.
  2.Oversimplifying the process: Anaphase involves multiple motor proteins and other factors contributing to chromosome segregation.
 **Quick Tips**:
  1.Visualize the microtubule structure and polarity to understand the direction of motor protein movement.
  2.Remember the key roles: Kinesins—chromosome movement; Dyneins—pole separation.

K SURESH KUMAR · Answer

Kinesins move chromosomes towards the minus ends of kinetochore microtubules, and dyneins move chromosomes towards the plus ends.

K SURESH KUMAR · Answer

Dyneins move chromosomes towards the poles along kinetochore microtubules, while kinesins are involved in cytokinesis.

K SURESH KUMAR · Answer

The correct Option is "Kinesins move chromosomes towards the plus ends of kinetochore microtubules, while dyneins move the poles apart by acting on astral microtubules."

K SURESH KUMAR · Answer

Both kinesins and dyneins move chromosomes towards the poles along kinetochore microtubules, with kinesins acting on the leading edge and dyneins on the trailing edge.

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