A deep-sea hydrothermal vent ecosystem relies entirely on chemosynthetic bacteria as primary producers. If 1000 kJ of energy is fixed by these bacteria, approximately how much energy would be available to a tertiary consumer, assuming a 10% ecological efficiency at each trophic level?

The majority of energy lost between trophic levels is dissipated as:

Energy transferred from on trophic level to another is

Consider the following statements about food chain

I. The transfer of energy from producers to top consumers through a series of organisms is called food chain

II. A food chain is always straight and proceeds in a progressive straight line

III. In a food chain, there is unidirectional flow of energy from sun to producers and subsequently to series of different types of consumers

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between gross primary productivity (GPP) and net primary productivity (NPP) in an ecosystem?

In a detritus food chain, the primary energy source is derived from:

Food chain refers to

The average trophic efficiency of transfer of energy from one trophic level to the higher trophic level is called

Consider the following statements about food web

I. One organism hold more than one position

II. The flow of energy is very difficult to calculate

III. Instead of straight line it is a series of branching lines

IV. Competition is amongst the members of same and different trophic levels

Which of the statements given above are correct?

In grazing food chain energy comes from

Consider a grassland ecosystem. Which of the following changes would MOST likely result in a DECREASE in net primary productivity?