Transport of nitrates into root cells using ATP

Movement of sodium ions out of guard cells

Diffusion of potassium ions into root hairs down a concentration gradient

Uptake of calcium ions into root cells against a concentration gradient

In the initial phase, ions are taken up into the outer space of cells, the apoplast. It is a passive process

In the final phase, ions are taken slowly into the inner space, the symplast of cells and it is an active process

Passive movement of the ions into the apoplast occurs through ion channels, transmembrane proteins, which acts as selective pores

All of the above

Active uptake

Passive uptake

Neutral

None of these

Remove $C{O_2}$ content from the nutrient solution

Dissolves ${O_2}$ in the nutrient solution

Increases the level of ${N_2}$in the nutrient solutions

Removes ${O_2}$ from the nutrient solution

From one cell to another

Within the cell

Into the cell

Out of the cell

Nitrogen

Carbon

Phosphorus

Magnesium

xylem

phloem

parenchyma

cambium

+59 mV

-59 mV

+29.5 mV

-29.5 mV

I and III only

II and IV only

I, II, and III only

I, III, and IV only

Preventing water loss from the root

Increasing surface area for absorption

Storing excess ions

Regulating the entry of water and minerals into the xylem

A: Soil solution; B: Inside root cells

A: Inside root cells; B: Soil solution

A: Xylem; B: Phloem

A: Cell wall; B: Cytoplasm