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Question

$\alpha  - $ ketoglutaric acid ${\rm{ + N}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{4}}} + NADPH\xrightarrow{{'A'}}{\rm{glutamate}} + {{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{O}} + NADP\,\,'A'\,{\rm{stand}}\,{\rm{for}}\,{\rm{?}}$

NISHANTH · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: [A]
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
	**Primary Concept**: Enzyme function in biochemical reactions.
	**Related Topics**: Amino acid metabolism, Oxidoreductases,  Redox reactions, Cellular respiration.
	**Prerequisites**: Basic understanding of enzyme function, biochemical pathways, and redox reactions.
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
	 The reaction involves α-ketoglutarate, ammonia (NH₄⁺), and NADPH, producing glutamate, water, and NADP⁺.
	  We need to identify the enzyme ('A') that catalyzes this reaction.
**Method & Steps**:
	1. **Analyze the reaction**: The reaction involves the addition of ammonia to α-ketoglutarate to form glutamate, using NADPH as a reducing agent. This is a reductive amination reaction.
		Reasoning: Reductive amination is a key step in amino acid synthesis.
		Formula/Rule:  α-ketoglutarate + NH₄⁺ + NADPH + H⁺ → Glutamate + NADP⁺ + H₂O
	2. **Identify the enzyme**: Glutamate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible conversion of α-ketoglutarate and ammonia to glutamate, using NAD(P)H.
		Working: Examining the reactants and products, we can determine the enzyme.
		Key Point: This is a crucial enzyme in nitrogen metabolism and amino acid biosynthesis.
	3. **Select the correct option**: Among the given options, only Glutamate dehydrogenase fits the role.
		Result: The enzyme 'A' is Glutamate dehydrogenase.
		Verification: The reaction is consistent with the known function of glutamate dehydrogenase.
 ## OPTION ANALYSIS
[A] ✓: Glutamate dehydrogenase catalyzes the reductive amination of α-ketoglutarate to form glutamate.
[B] :x: Hexokinase is involved in glycolysis and catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose.
[C] :x: Alcohol dehydrogenases catalyze the oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones.
[D] :x: Glycolate is an intermediate in photorespiration, not directly involved in this reaction.
 ## LEARNING AIDS
	**Common Mistakes**:
		1.[Error 1]: Confusing enzymes based on similar-sounding names. [How to avoid] Pay close attention to the specific reactions catalyzed by each enzyme.
		2.[Error 2]: Not recognizing the role of NADPH as a reducing agent. [How to avoid] Review the role of coenzymes in redox reactions.
	**Quick Tips**:
		1.[Helpful shortcut] Memorize key enzymes involved in important metabolic pathways like amino acid metabolism.
		2.[Memory aid] Think of 'dehydrogenase' enzymes as often involving redox reactions using NAD(P)H.

NISHANTH · Answer

The correct Option is "Glutamate dehydrogenase"

NISHANTH · Answer

Hexokinase

NISHANTH · Answer

Alcohol dehydrogenases

NISHANTH · Answer

Glycolate

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