The Question is from neet-botany morphology-of-flowering-polants flower, and it was created by the author B VENKAT

Question

In a particular angiosperm species, the development of the endosperm is initiated only after fertilization of the central cell.  However, a mutation leads to autonomous endosperm development even without fertilization. Which of the following is the MOST likely consequence of this mutation?

B VENKAT · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: [Option B]
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
	**Primary Concept**: Endosperm Development in Angiosperms
	**Related Topics**: Seed Development, Fertilization, Plant Reproduction
	**Prerequisites**: Understanding of plant reproductive biology, especially endosperm formation
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
		- Normal endosperm development occurs post-fertilization.
		- Mutation allows endosperm to develop autonomously without fertilization.
**Method & Steps**:
	1. Assess the typical role of fertilization in endosperm development.
		Reasoning: Fertilization triggers the development of both the embryo and endosperm, which are essential for seed formation.
		Formula/Rule: None applicable; this is a biological process.
	2. Identify consequences of autonomous endosperm development.
		Working: Autonomous endosperm may develop without a corresponding embryo, leading to seeds that lack proper embryo formation.
		Key Point: The function of the endosperm is to provide nutrients to the developing embryo; if the embryo is absent, the endosperm may still form. 
	3. Evaluate potential outcomes of the mutation.
		Result: Seeds may form without embryos, leading to underdeveloped or non-viable seeds.
		Verification: If there is no fertilization, it follows that embryo formation is compromised, leading to the consequence of 'underdeveloped embryos or no embryos at all.'
## OPTION ANALYSIS
[A] :x: Enhanced seed viability and germination rate - This is incorrect as the absence of a developed embryo would likely reduce seed viability.
[B] ✓: Formation of seeds with underdeveloped embryos or no embryos at all - This is correct, as the mutation leads to endosperm development without embryo formation.
[C] :x: Increased fruit size and seed number - This is incorrect; the mutation does not imply increased fruit size or seed count.
[D] :x: Premature fruit ripening and abscission - This is unrelated to endosperm development and is not a direct consequence of the mutation.
## LEARNING AIDS
	**Common Mistakes**:
		1. Confusing endosperm function with embryo development - Remember that endosperm supports the embryo.
		2. Assuming all seeds will be viable without fertilization - Not all autonomous endosperm development leads to viable seeds.
	**Quick Tips**:
		1. Recall that fertilization is crucial for complete seed development, including both embryo and endosperm.
		2. Endosperm serves primarily as a nutrient reservoir for the embryo; without the embryo, the endosperm's role is diminished.

B VENKAT · Answer

Enhanced seed viability and germination rate

B VENKAT · Answer

The correct Option is "Formation of seeds with underdeveloped embryos or no embryos at all"

B VENKAT · Answer

Increased fruit size and seed number

B VENKAT · Answer

Premature fruit ripening and abscission

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