The Question is from neet-botany morphology-of-flowering-polants , and it was created by the author D VINOD

Question

The 'open' vascular bundles found in dicot stems are characterized by:

D VINOD · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: B
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
 **Primary Concept**: Vascular bundle structure in dicot stems
 **Related Topics**: Plant anatomy, secondary growth, cambium
 **Prerequisites**: Basic understanding of plant tissues (xylem, phloem, cambium)
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
  The question asks about the characteristics of open vascular bundles in dicot stems.
  Open vascular bundles are those that possess a cambium.
**Method & Steps**:
 1. Identify the defining characteristic of an 'open' vascular bundle.
  Reasoning: Open vascular bundles are characterized by the presence of a cambium between the xylem and phloem.  This cambium is responsible for secondary growth.
  Formula/Rule: None
 2. Analyze the options to determine which describes the presence of a cambium.
  Working: Option B explicitly states the presence of cambium between xylem and phloem, allowing for secondary growth, which is the defining characteristic of an open vascular bundle.
  Key Point: The cambium is a meristematic tissue that produces new xylem and phloem, leading to an increase in stem diameter.
 3. Select the option that correctly describes open vascular bundles.
  Result: Option B
  Verification: Option B accurately reflects the structure and function of open vascular bundles in dicot stems.
 ## OPTION ANALYSIS
A :x: Scattered arrangement of xylem and phloem with no cambium describes monocot stems, not dicot stems with open vascular bundles.
B ✓: The presence of cambium between xylem and phloem, allowing for secondary growth, accurately describes open vascular bundles in dicot stems.
C :x: Joint, collateral arrangement of xylem and phloem with no cambium describes closed vascular bundles, which do not undergo secondary growth.
D :x: Concentric arrangement of xylem and phloem is characteristic of some monocots, not dicots with open vascular bundles.
 ## LEARNING AIDS
 **Common Mistakes**:
  1.Confusing open and closed vascular bundles: Remember that the presence or absence of the cambium is the key difference.
   How to avoid: Carefully examine the structure of the vascular bundle and look for the presence of the cambium.
  2.Associating open vascular bundles with only monocots or only dicots: Open vascular bundles are found in dicots, allowing for secondary growth.
   How to avoid: Understand the relationship between cambium, secondary growth, and the type of vascular bundle.
 **Quick Tips**:
  1.Remember the acronym 'CAMBIUM' to help recall the key feature of open vascular bundles.
  2.Visualize the cross-section of a dicot stem to see the arrangement of xylem, phloem, and cambium in the open vascular bundles.

D VINOD · Answer

Scattered arrangement of xylem and phloem with no cambium.

D VINOD · Answer

The correct Option is "The presence of cambium between xylem and phloem, allowing for secondary growth."

D VINOD · Answer

Joint, collateral arrangement of xylem and phloem with no cambium.

D VINOD · Answer

Concentric arrangement of xylem and phloem.

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