1.

    A plant is exposed to 14CO2^{14}CO_2 for a short period. After 5 minutes, the radioactive carbon is detected in the phloem sieve tubes near the source. After 20 minutes, it's found further down the stem in the phloem. Which observation MOST directly contradicts the mass flow hypothesis?

    A

    Sucrose moves bidirectionally in the phloem, sometimes against the concentration gradient.

    B

    ATP is required for active loading of sucrose into the sieve tubes.

    C

    The concentration of sucrose is higher in the source than in the sink.

    D

    Water moves from xylem to phloem at the source and from phloem to xylem at the sink.

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    4.

    Researchers manipulate a plant's phloem by selectively blocking plasmodesmata connecting companion cells to sieve tube elements near a leaf. Which outcome would provide the STRONGEST evidence AGAINST the mass flow hypothesis?

    A

    Accumulation of sucrose in the leaf and reduced transport to the roots.

    B

    Increased turgor pressure in the sieve tubes near the leaf.

    C

    Uninterrupted flow of sucrose from the leaf to the roots.

    D

    Decreased water potential in the sieve tubes near the leaf.

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    6.

        Choose the false statement

    A

    A prime number is a natural number greater than 1 that has no positive divisors other than 1 and itself.

    B

    2 is the only even prime number.

    C

    All prime numbers are odd.

    D

    1 is a prime number.

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