$FeC{l_3}$

$NaHC{O_3}$

Na

HCl

Primary alcohols react fastest by an S_N2 mechanism.

Secondary alcohols react fastest by an S_N1 mechanism.

Tertiary alcohols react fastest by an S_N1 mechanism.

All alcohols react at the same rate by an E1 mechanism.

Resonance stabilization of phenoxide ion

Presence of a hydroxyl group

Electron-donating nature of the benzene ring

High electronegativity of oxygen

Phenetole

Anisole

Diphenyl ether

Diethyl ether

Benzene ring exists in resonance

Cyclohexane ring shows resonance

Phenol is poor in hydrogen

Cyclohexanol is rich in hydrogen

PhO^- < NH₂^- < CH₃^- < H^-

H^- < CH₃^- < NH₂^- < PhO^-

NH₂^- < PhO^- < CH₃^- < H^-

PhO^- < CH₃^- < NH₂^- < H^-

Phenols are stronger acid than water and alcohols

Phenols are weaker acids than carboxylic acids

Phenols are soluble in both aqueous ${\rm{NaOH}}$ and aqueous ${\rm{NaHC}}{{\rm{O}}_3}$

Phenoxide ions are more stable than the corresponding phenols

${\rm{PC}}{{\rm{l}}_5}$

${\rm{HN}}{{\rm{O}}_3}$

${{\rm{C}}_6}{{\rm{H}}_5}{\rm{OH}}$

2, 4, 6-trinitrophenol

${\rm{HCOOH}}$

${\rm{C}}{{\rm{H}}_3}{\rm{COOH}}$

${{\rm{C}}_6}{{\rm{H}}_5}{\rm{COOH}}$

${{\rm{C}}_6}{{\rm{H}}_5}{\rm{OH}}$

${\rm{N}}{{\rm{a}}_2}{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_3}$

${\rm{NaOH}}$

${\rm{NaHC}}{{\rm{O}}_3}$

${\rm{KOH}}$

Catechol

Salicylaldehyde

Sodium salicylate

Benzoic acid