The Question is from neet-chemistry hydrocarbons , and it was created by the author Mr. S M HUSSAIN

Question

Benzene undergoes which type of reactions predominantly?

Mr. S M HUSSAIN · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: C
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
 **Primary Concept**: Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
 **Related Topics**: Aromatic compounds, reaction mechanisms, resonance stability
 **Prerequisites**: Understanding of electrophilic attack, resonance structures, and the stability of benzene's conjugated pi system.
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
  The question asks about the predominant type of reaction undergone by benzene.
  Benzene is an aromatic compound with a highly stable conjugated pi system.
**Method & Steps**:
 1. Consider the structure of benzene. It has a delocalized pi electron system above and below the plane of the carbon atoms, making it relatively stable.
  Reasoning:  This delocalized system resists addition reactions which would disrupt the aromaticity.
  Formula/Rule: None directly applicable, but understanding of aromaticity is crucial.
 2. Analyze the types of reactions listed. Addition reactions would break the aromaticity, making them unfavorable. Elimination reactions are not typical for benzene.
  Working: Benzene's stability is linked to its aromaticity (4n+2 pi electrons fulfilling Huckel's rule).  Disrupting this stability requires significant energy.
  Key Point:  The high stability of the aromatic ring is the driving force behind the type of reactions benzene undergoes.
 3. Electrophilic aromatic substitution maintains the aromatic system.  A nucleophile is less likely to attack the electron-rich benzene ring.
  Result: Electrophilic substitution is the predominant reaction type for benzene.
  Verification:  Numerous examples of electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions exist (e.g., nitration, sulfonation, halogenation) which preserve the aromatic ring's structure and stability.
 ## OPTION ANALYSIS
A :x: Addition reactions are unfavorable for benzene due to the disruption of aromaticity.  The high activation energy prevents these reactions.
B :x: Elimination reactions are not the characteristic reaction type for benzene.
C ✓: Electrophilic substitution reactions are the most common for benzene. They proceed via a mechanism that preserves the aromatic ring's stability and integrity.
D :x: Nucleophilic substitution reactions are less common for benzene because the electron-rich ring repels nucleophiles. 
 ## LEARNING AIDS
 **Common Mistakes**:
  1.Confusing electrophilic and nucleophilic substitution: Remember benzene is electron-rich, thus it reacts with electrophiles.
  2. Assuming addition reactions are common: Benzene’s aromaticity makes addition reactions less favorable.
 **Quick Tips**:
  1. Remember Huckel's rule (4n+2 pi electrons) for aromaticity.
  2. Visualize the resonance structures of benzene to understand the delocalized electron system.

Mr. S M HUSSAIN · Answer

Addition

Mr. S M HUSSAIN · Answer

Elimination

Mr. S M HUSSAIN · Answer

The correct Option is "Electrophilic substitution"

Mr. S M HUSSAIN · Answer

Nucleophilic substitution

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