$CH_3CH_2CH_2CH_2^+$

$(CH_3)_3CH^+$

$(CH_3)_3C^+$

$CH_3CH_2^+$

Carbanion

Carbocation

Free radical

Carbene

I > II > III > IV

IV > III > I > II

III > II > I > IV

II > III > IV > I

Using Lassaigne’s test nitrogen and sulphur present in organic compound can be tested

Using Beilstein’s test the presence of halogen in a compound can be tested

In Lassaigne’s filtrate the nitrogen present in a organic compound is converted into NaCN

In the estimation of carbon, an organic compound is heated with CaO in a combustion tube

Nucleophilic

Basic

sp³ hybridized

Electron deficient

${\rm{CH}}_3^ - > {1^ \circ } > {2^ \circ } > {3^ \circ }$

${3^ \circ } > {2^ \circ } > {1^ \circ } > {\rm{CH}}_3^ -$

${3^ \circ } > {1^ \circ } > {2^ \circ } > {\rm{CH}}_3^ -$

${2^ \circ } > {3^ \circ } > {1^ \circ } > {\rm{CH}}_3^ -$

1$^ \circ$ carbon

2$^ \circ$ carbon

3$^ \circ$ carbon

$neo$- carbon

IV>III>II>I

I>II>III>IV

II>IV>III>I

III>II>I>IV

$C{H_3}\mathop C\limits^ + {H_2}$

${\left( {C{H_3}} \right)_2}\mathop C\limits^ + H$

${\left( {C{H_3}} \right)_3}\mathop C\limits^ +$

${C_6}{H_5}\mathop C\limits^ + {H_2}$

3$^ \circ$<2$^ \circ$<1$^ \circ$

3$^ \circ$>2$^ \circ$>1$^ \circ$

1$^ \circ$<2$^ \circ$>3$^ \circ$

3$^ \circ$>2$^ \circ$<1$^ \circ$

The presence of electron-withdrawing groups.

The absence of neighboring alkyl groups.

The presence of neighboring alkyl groups.

A negative charge on the carbon atom.