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Question

Which of the following is NOT a colligative property?

Mr. S M HUSSAIN · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: D
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
 **Primary Concept**: Colligative properties
 **Related Topics**: Solutions, vapor pressure, boiling point, freezing point
 **Prerequisites**: Understanding of solutions and their properties
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
  The question asks to identify which property is NOT a colligative property.
  Options: Relative lowering of vapor pressure, Elevation of boiling point, Depression of freezing point, Surface tension
**Method & Steps**:
 1. Define colligative properties.
  Reasoning: Colligative properties depend on the concentration of solute particles in a solution, not on the identity of the solute particles.
 2. Analyze each option.
  Working:
  * Relative lowering of vapor pressure: This is a colligative property. The vapor pressure of a solvent is lowered when a non-volatile solute is added.  The extent of lowering depends on the concentration of solute particles (Raoult's Law).
  * Elevation of boiling point: This is a colligative property. The boiling point of a solvent is raised when a non-volatile solute is added. The elevation depends on the concentration of solute particles.
  * Depression of freezing point: This is a colligative property. The freezing point of a solvent is lowered when a solute is added. The depression depends on the concentration of solute particles.
  * Surface tension: This is NOT a colligative property. Surface tension depends on the intermolecular forces between the molecules of the liquid, not on the concentration of solute particles.
 3. Identify the non-colligative property.
  Result: Surface tension is not a colligative property.
  Verification: The definition of colligative properties confirms that only the concentration of solute particles matters, which is not the case for surface tension.
 ## OPTION ANALYSIS
A :x: Relative lowering of vapor pressure is a colligative property.  It is described by Raoult's Law: $P_{solution} = x_{solvent}P_{solvent}^o$, where $x_{solvent}$ is the mole fraction of the solvent and $P_{solvent}^o$ is the vapor pressure of the pure solvent.
B :x: Elevation of boiling point is a colligative property.  The change in boiling point is given by: $\Delta T_b = K_b m$, where $K_b$ is the ebullioscopic constant and $m$ is the molality of the solution.
C :x: Depression of freezing point is a colligative property.  The change in freezing point is given by: $\Delta T_f = K_f m$, where $K_f$ is the cryoscopic constant and $m$ is the molality of the solution.
D ✓: Surface tension is a property that depends on the intermolecular forces within a liquid, not the concentration of dissolved particles. Therefore, it's not a colligative property.
 ## LEARNING AIDS
 **Common Mistakes**:
  1.Confusing colligative properties with other solution properties:  Remember that colligative properties depend solely on the number of solute particles, not their identity or chemical nature.
  2.Overlooking the definition of colligative properties:  Ensure a thorough understanding of what defines a colligative property.
 **Quick Tips**:
  1.Memorize the four main colligative properties: relative lowering of vapor pressure, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure.
  2.Focus on the 'number' of particles rather than the 'type' of particles when determining colligative properties.

Mr. S M HUSSAIN · Answer

Relative lowering of vapour pressure

Mr. S M HUSSAIN · Answer

Elevation of boiling point

Mr. S M HUSSAIN · Answer

Depression of freezing point

Mr. S M HUSSAIN · Answer

The correct Option is "Surface tension"

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