The Question is from neet-chemistry the-solid-state , and it was created by the author Mr. S M HUSSAIN

Question

Which of the following defects in a crystal lattice would significantly increase its density?

Mr. S M HUSSAIN · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: 1 (Interstitial defect)
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
	**Primary Concept**: Crystal lattice defects and their effect on density
	**Related Topics**: Point defects, stoichiometry, density calculation
	**Prerequisites**: Understanding of crystal structures, types of point defects
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
	The question asks which defect increases crystal density.
	Options: Interstitial, Schottky, Frenkel, Vacancy defects.
**Method & Steps**:
	1. Analyze each defect type and its effect on the crystal lattice.
		Reasoning: Defects alter the number of atoms and the overall volume of the crystal lattice.  Density is mass/volume.
		Formula/Rule: $Density = \frac{Mass}{Volume}$ 
	2. Evaluate the impact of each defect on mass and volume.
		Working:
			* **Interstitial defect**: Extra atoms are inserted into the interstitial spaces of the lattice. This increases the mass significantly without a proportional increase in volume, thus increasing density.
			* **Schottky defect**:  A cation and anion are missing from the lattice, creating vacancies. This decreases both mass and volume, but the decrease in mass is more significant, leading to a slight decrease in density.
			* **Frenkel defect**: A cation moves to an interstitial site, creating a vacancy and an interstitial ion. This does not significantly alter the overall mass or volume. Density remains largely unchanged.
			* **Vacancy defect**: An atom is missing from its lattice site, creating a vacancy. This decreases both mass and volume, leading to a decrease in density.
		Key Point: The key is to consider the relative change in mass and volume for each defect type.
	3. Identify the defect that increases density.
		Result: Interstitial defect significantly increases the density.
		Verification: The reasoning and analysis of each defect type support this conclusion.
## OPTION ANALYSIS
[A] ✓: Interstitial defect: Adding extra atoms increases mass significantly without a proportional volume increase, leading to a higher density.
[B] :x: Schottky defect:  Missing ions decrease both mass and volume, resulting in a slight decrease in density.
[C] :x: Frenkel defect:  The mass and volume remain approximately the same, resulting in no significant change in density.
[D] :x: Vacancy defect: Missing atoms decrease both mass and volume, resulting in a decrease in density.
## LEARNING AIDS
	**Common Mistakes**:
		1.Confusing the effects of different defect types:  Carefully analyze how each defect impacts mass and volume.
		2.Ignoring the relative changes in mass and volume:  The ratio between the change in mass and volume determines the change in density.
	**Quick Tips**:
		1.Remember that interstitial defects add mass without proportionally increasing volume.
		2.Visualize the crystal lattice and how each defect modifies its structure.

Mr. S M HUSSAIN · Answer

The correct Option is "Interstitial defect"

Mr. S M HUSSAIN · Answer

Schottky defect

Mr. S M HUSSAIN · Answer

Frenkel defect

Mr. S M HUSSAIN · Answer

Vacancy defect

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