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    3.

    A potentiometer is being used to compare two cells of emfs E1E_1 and E2E_2. The balancing lengths are found to be l1l_1 and l2l_2 respectively. If a resistance R is connected across E2E_2, its balancing length changes to l3l_3. Which of the following relations must hold true?

    A

    E1E2=l1l2\frac{E_1}{E_2} = \frac{l_1}{l_2} and l3l2=RR+r2\frac{l_3}{l_2} = \frac{R}{R + r_2}

    B

    E1E2=l1l3\frac{E_1}{E_2} = \frac{l_1}{l_3} and l3l2=RR+r2\frac{l_3}{l_2} = \frac{R}{R + r_2}

    C

    E1E2=l1l2\frac{E_1}{E_2} = \frac{l_1}{l_2} and l3l2=r2R+r2\frac{l_3}{l_2} = \frac{r_2}{R + r_2}

    D

    E1E2=l1l3\frac{E_1}{E_2} = \frac{l_1}{l_3} and l3l2=r2R+r2\frac{l_3}{l_2} = \frac{r_2}{R + r_2}

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    4.

    In a potentiometer experiment, the balance point is achieved when no current flows through the galvanometer. This condition ensures accurate EMF measurement because:

    A

    the cell's internal resistance does not affect the reading.

    B

    the potentiometer's resistance is negligible.

    C

    the galvanometer's resistance is very high.

    D

    the standard cell's EMF is accurately known.

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