The Question is from neet-physics magnetic-effects-current-and-magnetism types-of-magnetic-materials, and it was created by the author Mr. ANIL KUMAR.G

Question

A paramagnetic material is placed in a non-uniform magnetic field. Which of the following describes its behavior?

Mr. ANIL KUMAR.G · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: D
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
 **Primary Concept**: Paramagnetism and its behavior in magnetic fields.
 **Related Topics**: Magnetic susceptibility, magnetic dipole moment, force on a magnetic dipole.
 **Prerequisites**: Understanding of magnetic fields, magnetic moments, and the concept of paramagnetism.
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
  A paramagnetic material is placed in a non-uniform magnetic field.
**Method & Steps**:
 1. Understanding Paramagnetism: Paramagnetic materials have atoms or molecules with permanent magnetic dipole moments. These moments are randomly oriented in the absence of an external magnetic field. When placed in a magnetic field, the dipoles tend to align with the field, but this alignment is weak due to thermal agitation.
  Reasoning: The alignment is not perfect because thermal energy competes with the magnetic field's ordering effect.
 2. Force on a Magnetic Dipole in a Non-Uniform Field:  A magnetic dipole in a non-uniform magnetic field experiences a net force. The force is given by:
  Working: $\vec{F} = 
abla(\vec{m} \cdot \vec{B})$, where $\vec{m}$ is the magnetic dipole moment and $\vec{B}$ is the magnetic field.  The force is directed towards the region of stronger magnetic field.
  Key Point: The gradient operator $
abla$ indicates the change in the magnetic field strength. A stronger gradient results in a larger force.
 3. Combining the Effects:  Since the alignment is weak (due to thermal effects) and the force is towards the stronger field, option D accurately describes the behavior.
  Result: The paramagnetic material experiences a force towards the region of stronger magnetic field and weakly aligns with the field.
  Verification: The formula for the force on a magnetic dipole in a non-uniform field confirms the direction of the force.
 ## OPTION ANALYSIS
A :x:  While paramagnetic materials do align with the field, the alignment is weak, not strong.
B :x: Paramagnetic materials are attracted to stronger fields, not repelled.
C :x: A paramagnetic material in a non-uniform field experiences a net force, not just torque.
D ✓: Correctly describes the weak alignment and the force towards the region of stronger magnetic field.
 ## LEARNING AIDS
 **Common Mistakes**:
  1.Confusing paramagnetism with diamagnetism or ferromagnetism:  Diamagnetic materials are weakly repelled by magnetic fields, while ferromagnetic materials show strong alignment and attraction.
   How to avoid: Carefully distinguish between the three types of magnetism and their behaviors.
  2.Assuming perfect alignment: Thermal effects prevent perfect alignment in paramagnetic materials.
   How to avoid: Remember the role of temperature in influencing the degree of alignment.
 **Quick Tips**:
  1.Remember the mnemonic: Para- means 'similar,' suggesting a weak alignment with the field.
  2.Visualize the magnetic dipoles trying to align with the field but being jostled by thermal motion.

Mr. ANIL KUMAR.G · Answer

It experiences a force towards the region of stronger magnetic field and strongly aligns with the field.

Mr. ANIL KUMAR.G · Answer

It experiences a force away from the region of stronger magnetic field and weakly aligns with the field.

Mr. ANIL KUMAR.G · Answer

It experiences a torque but no net force and strongly aligns with the field.

Mr. ANIL KUMAR.G · Answer

The correct Option is "It experiences a force towards the region of stronger magnetic field and weakly aligns with the field."

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