The Question is from neet-zoology breathing-and-exchange-of-gases respiratory-volumes-and-capacities, and it was created by the author T SAILAJA

Question

Which lung volume CANNOT be measured directly by spirometry?

T SAILAJA · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: D
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
 **Primary Concept**: Spirometry and Lung Volumes
 **Related Topics**: Respiratory Physiology, Lung capacities
 **Prerequisites**: Understanding of different lung volumes and capacities, and the principle of spirometry.
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
  The question asks which lung volume cannot be measured directly using spirometry.
  Spirometry measures the volume of air inhaled and exhaled by the lungs.
**Method & Steps**:
 1. Understand Spirometry:
  Reasoning: Spirometry measures dynamic lung volumes – those that change during breathing. It involves measuring the volume of air moved during forced inhalation and exhalation.
  Formula/Rule: None directly applicable, but understanding the limitations of spirometry is key.
 2. Analyze Lung Volumes:
  Working: Let's examine each option:
            * Tidal Volume (TV): The volume of air inhaled or exhaled in a normal breath. This is directly measurable by spirometry.
            * Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV): The maximum volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal exhalation. This is directly measurable by spirometry.
            * Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV): The maximum volume of air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal inhalation. This is directly measurable by spirometry.
            * Residual Volume (RV): The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation. This cannot be measured directly by spirometry because it's impossible to completely empty the lungs.
 3. Identify the Unmeasurable Volume:
  Result: Residual Volume (RV) cannot be measured directly using spirometry.
  Verification: The other options (TV, ERV, IRV) are all directly measurable by spirometry.  RV requires other techniques like body plethysmography.
 ## OPTION ANALYSIS
A :x: Tidal Volume is directly measurable by spirometry.
B :x: Expiratory Reserve Volume is directly measurable by spirometry.
C :x: Inspiratory Reserve Volume is directly measurable by spirometry.
D ✓: Residual Volume cannot be measured directly by spirometry. It remains in the lungs after maximal expiration and requires other techniques for measurement.
 ## LEARNING AIDS
 **Common Mistakes**:
  1.Confusing spirometry with other lung volume measurement techniques:  Remember spirometry's limitations.
  2.Assuming all lung volumes are directly measurable by spirometry: Understand that RV is an exception.
 **Quick Tips**:
  1.Remember that spirometry measures dynamic volumes, not static volumes like RV.
  2.Think of RV as the air left 'trapped' in the lungs after a forceful exhale.

T SAILAJA · Answer

Tidal Volume

T SAILAJA · Answer

Expiratory Reserve Volume

T SAILAJA · Answer

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

T SAILAJA · Answer

The correct Option is "Residual Volume"

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