1.

    The concept of punctuated equilibrium challenges the traditional view of evolution by suggesting:

    A

    Evolution proceeds at a constant, gradual rate.

    B

    Long periods of stasis punctuated by rapid bursts of evolutionary change.

    C

    Evolutionary changes occur only in small, isolated populations.

    D

    Acquired characteristics are inherited and drive evolutionary change.

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    1.

    Which observation MOST directly challenges the idea of a universally applicable “molecular clock” for dating evolutionary divergence?

    A

    Fossil evidence sometimes contradicts molecular clock estimates.

    B

    Mutation rates can be influenced by environmental factors.

    C

    Different genes evolve at different rates, even within the same lineage.

    D

    Horizontal gene transfer can introduce new genes into a lineage.

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