They are the first true cells

They demonstrate the potential for membrane-bound structures to form spontaneously

They are self-replicating molecules

They prove that life originated in the ocean

A-IR rays, B-lighter ${{\rm{H}}_2}$, C-water, D-oceans

A-UV rays, B-lighter ${{\rm{H}}_2}$, C-water, D-oceans

A-UV rays, B-heavier ${{\rm{H}}_2}$, C-water, D-oceans

A-UV rays, B-heavier ${{\rm{H}}_2}$, C-water, D-oceans

Extinctions never occur there are unexplored parts of the globe where the organisms that appears to have gone extinct may still live

Extinctions occur when the slow adaptations of the organisms overtime to their environment are not quick enough to help them respond to changing conditions

Extinctions occur at random, they do not reflect God’s will

Extinctions occur due to the catastrophic events

2000 million years back

11000 million years back

1500 million years back

500 million years back

${\rm{N}}{{\rm{H}}_3}$

${{\rm{H}}_2}$

${{\rm{O}}_2}$

${\rm{C}}{{\rm{H}}_2}$

Non-living

Pre-existing life

Chemicals

Extra-terrestrial matter

Arthropods

Coelenterates

Protozoans

Reptiles

I, II, III, IV

IV, I, II, III

II, III, I, IV

III, I, II, IV

Spores

Panspermia

Gamets

Sperms

Low atmospheric temperature

High degree of pollution

High atmospheric oxygen

Absence of raw materials

Stanley Miller

Darwin

A I Oparin

S Fox