What do similarities in the early embryonic development of different vertebrate species suggest?
Convergent evolution
Common ancestry
Analogous structures
Independent origins
Related Questions
The presence of homologous structures, like the pentadactyl limb in vertebrates, suggests a common ancestor. However, some scientists argue against this, citing instances where similar structures arise independently. Which of the following BEST refutes this counter-argument and strengthens the evolutionary link implied by homologous structures?
Homologous structures always have identical functions across different species.
Analogous structures, like insect and bird wings, demonstrate convergent evolution and thus invalidate homology.
The fossil record consistently shows a gradual transition in homologous structures over time in all lineages.
Homologous structures often share similar developmental pathways and genetic underpinnings, even when their functions diverge significantly.
Which of the following statements regarding the evolution of plants and animals is/are correct: I. Amphibians evolved into reptiles, II. Fish with stout and strong fins could move on land and go back to water. This was about 350 million years ago, III. Giants ferns fell to form coal deposits slowly, IV. About 65 million years ago dinosaurs died out, V. Archeopteryx is the connection link between birds and reptiles . The correct combination is
I and II
III and IV
V and I
I, II, III, IV and V
Age of fossils in the past was generally determined by radio-carbon method and other methods involving radioactive elements found in the rocks. More precise methods, which were used recently and led to the revision of the evolutionary period for different groups of organisms, include
Study of carbohydrates/ proteins in fossils
Study of conditions of fossilization
Electron spin resonance (ESR) and fossil DNA
Study of carbohydrates/proteins in rocks
Correct order is
Paleozoic Archeozoic Cenozoic
Archeozoic Paleozoic Proterozoic
Paleozoic Mesozoic Cenozoic
Mesozoic Archeozoic Proterozoic
Industrial melanism was highlighted by
Mimosa pudica
Triticum aestivum
Biston betularia
Rock python
Certain cave-dwelling organisms have lost their eyes and pigmentation over generations. While seemingly detrimental, these traits persist. Which evolutionary explanation BEST accounts for this phenomenon?
Use it or lose it: In the absence of light, vision is not beneficial, and the energy expenditure for eye development and maintenance is selected against. Similarly, pigmentation is not advantageous in a dark environment.
Bottleneck effect: A random event reduced the cave population, and the surviving organisms happened to lack eyes and pigmentation. These traits then became fixed in the population.
Founder effect: The original cave-dwelling organisms lacked eyes and pigmentation, and these traits persisted in subsequent generations.
Sexual selection: In the dark cave environment, mates are selected based on traits other than vision and pigmentation.
The most recent era in geological time scale is
Mesozoic
Cenozoic
Palaeozoic
Proterozoic
Links between organisms that shows branching pattern of evolutionary relationships are shown by
Living fossils
Comparative embryology
Phylogenetic trees
Two fossil layers
Change of lighter coloured variety of peppered moths (Biston betularia) to darker variety occurred due
industrial melanism
natural selection
pollution
predation
Organs which are anatomically different, but performs similar functions are called
Analogous organs
Homologous organ
Vestigial organs
Heterologous organs
