The Question is from neet-zoology human-reproduction , and it was created by the author K SUNKANNA

Question

In a patient with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which hormonal imbalance is MOST commonly observed?

K SUNKANNA · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: B
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
 **Primary Concept**: Endocrine imbalances in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
 **Related Topics**: Female reproductive endocrinology, ovarian physiology, hormonal regulation of the menstrual cycle.
 **Prerequisites**: Understanding of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, the roles of FSH, LH, and androgens in female reproduction.
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
  Patient presents with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).
  We need to identify the most common hormonal imbalance.
**Method & Steps**:
 1. Understand the hormonal regulation of the menstrual cycle and ovarian function.
  Reasoning:  The menstrual cycle is regulated by the interplay of FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone), LH (luteinizing hormone), estrogen, and progesterone.  PCOS disrupts this balance.
  Formula/Rule: No specific formula, but understanding the roles of each hormone is crucial.
 2. Consider the characteristic hormonal profile of PCOS.
  Working:  In PCOS, there is often an imbalance characterized by elevated LH levels and elevated androgen levels (like testosterone). FSH levels are relatively low compared to LH.
  Key Point: The elevated LH:FSH ratio is a key diagnostic feature of PCOS.
 3. Analyze the given options.
  Result: Option B accurately reflects the most common hormonal imbalance seen in PCOS: elevated LH and androgens, with relatively low FSH.
  Verification: This aligns with established medical knowledge and diagnostic criteria for PCOS.
 ## OPTION ANALYSIS
A :x: Elevated FSH and low LH is not the typical pattern in PCOS.  FSH is usually relatively low.
B ✓: Elevated LH and androgens, with relatively low FSH is the characteristic hormonal imbalance in PCOS.
C :x: Low LH and high estrogen is not typical of PCOS.  LH is usually elevated.
D :x: Low FSH and high progesterone is not the primary hormonal imbalance; while progesterone might be affected, the LH and androgen elevation is more prominent.
 ## LEARNING AIDS
 **Common Mistakes**:
  1.Confusing the roles of FSH and LH: Remember FSH stimulates follicle growth, while LH triggers ovulation.
  2.Focusing on only one hormone: PCOS involves a complex interplay of multiple hormones, not just one.
 **Quick Tips**:
  1.Remember the LH:FSH ratio is typically elevated in PCOS.
  2.Associate PCOS with hyperandrogenism (excess androgens).

K SUNKANNA · Answer

Elevated FSH and low LH

K SUNKANNA · Answer

The correct Option is "Elevated LH and androgens, with relatively low FSH"

K SUNKANNA · Answer

Low LH and high estrogen

K SUNKANNA · Answer

Low FSH and high progesterone

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