The Question is from neet-zoology locomotion-and-movement disorders-of-muscular-and-skeltal-system, and it was created by the author T HARITHA

Question

A patient exhibits joint pain, stiffness, and swelling, particularly in the small joints of the hands and feet.  Blood tests reveal the presence of rheumatoid factor and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies.  Which cell type plays a central role in the pathogenesis of this condition?

T HARITHA · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: B
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
	**Primary Concept**: Rheumatoid Arthritis
	**Related Topics**: Autoimmunity, Immunology, Inflammation
	**Prerequisites**: Basic understanding of immune system cells and their functions.
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
	Joint pain, stiffness, and swelling in small joints.
	Presence of rheumatoid factor and anti-CCP antibodies.
**Method & Steps**:
	1. The presence of rheumatoid factor and anti-CCP antibodies strongly suggests rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
		Reasoning: These antibodies are key diagnostic markers for RA.
	2. RA is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the joints.
		Working:  The immune system mistakenly attacks the synovium, the lining of the joints, leading to inflammation and damage.
		Key Point:  T lymphocytes play a crucial role in orchestrating this autoimmune response. 
	3. T lymphocytes, specifically helper T cells, are central to the pathogenesis of RA.
		Result: T lymphocytes activate other immune cells, such as B cells (which produce autoantibodies) and macrophages, contributing to the inflammatory process in the joints. 
		Verification:  The described symptoms and the presence of autoantibodies are consistent with the role of T lymphocytes in RA. 
 ## OPTION ANALYSIS
[A] :x: Neutrophils are involved in the inflammatory process, but they are not the central players in the initiation and perpetuation of the autoimmune response in RA.
[B] ✓: T lymphocytes orchestrate the autoimmune response in RA by activating other immune cells and contributing to inflammation.
[C] :x: Eosinophils are primarily involved in allergic reactions and parasitic infections, not RA.
[D] :x: Basophils are involved in allergic reactions and are not central to the pathogenesis of RA.
 ## LEARNING AIDS
	**Common Mistakes**:
		1. Focusing on the role of neutrophils in inflammation and overlooking the central role of T lymphocytes in the autoimmune response:
			Remember that while neutrophils participate in the inflammatory process, T lymphocytes are the key drivers of the autoimmune reaction in RA.
		2. Confusing the roles of different immune cells:
			Review the specific functions of each type of immune cell to avoid confusion.
	**Quick Tips**:
		1. Remember the association of rheumatoid factor and anti-CCP antibodies with RA and the central role of T lymphocytes in this condition.
		2. Visualize the inflammatory process in the joints and the key players involved, including T lymphocytes, B cells, and macrophages.

T HARITHA · Answer

Neutrophils

T HARITHA · Answer

The correct Option is "T lymphocytes"

T HARITHA · Answer

Eosinophils

T HARITHA · Answer

Basophils

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