The Question is from neet-zoology neural-control-and-coordination , and it was created by the author BALASOURY

Question

A demyelinating disease, such as multiple sclerosis, primarily affects which component of the nervous system and impairs what function?

BALASOURY · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: C
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
 **Primary Concept**: Neurophysiology, specifically the structure and function of the nervous system.
 **Related Topics**: Demyelinating diseases, multiple sclerosis, nerve impulse conduction, myelin sheath.
 **Prerequisites**: Basic understanding of neuron structure and function, action potentials, and the role of myelin.
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
  The question describes a demyelinating disease, which damages the myelin sheath.
  The example given is multiple sclerosis (MS).
**Method & Steps**:
 1. Identify the affected component of the nervous system.
  Reasoning: Demyelinating diseases directly affect the myelin sheath, a fatty insulating layer around nerve axons.
  Formula/Rule: None directly applicable, this is a conceptual understanding question.
 2. Determine the impaired function.
  Working: The myelin sheath facilitates rapid nerve impulse conduction by saltatory conduction.  Damage to the myelin sheath slows or blocks nerve impulse transmission.
  Key Point: Myelin's insulating properties are crucial for efficient signal propagation along the axon.
 3. Select the correct option.
  Result: Option C correctly identifies the myelin sheath as the affected component and impaired nerve impulse conduction as the resulting dysfunction.
  Verification:  The description aligns perfectly with the pathophysiology of demyelinating diseases like MS.
 ## OPTION ANALYSIS
[A] :x: Synaptic cleft; neurotransmitter release:  While neurotransmission can be affected indirectly by demyelination, the primary effect is on the myelin sheath itself.
[B] :x: Neuron cell body; protein synthesis:  Demyelination doesn't primarily affect the neuron cell body or its protein synthesis capabilities.
[C] ✓: Myelin sheath; nerve impulse conduction: This accurately describes the primary effect of demyelinating diseases.
[D] :x: Dendrites; signal reception: Dendrites are involved in receiving signals, but demyelination primarily affects the axon and its myelin sheath, impacting signal transmission along the axon.
 ## LEARNING AIDS
 **Common Mistakes**:
  1.Confusing the roles of different neuron components:  A clear understanding of the functions of axons, dendrites, myelin sheath, and synaptic clefts is crucial.
  2.Focusing on secondary effects:  While demyelination can have various downstream effects, the primary impact is on myelin and impulse conduction.
 **Quick Tips**:
  1.Visualize the structure of a neuron and the location of the myelin sheath.
  2.Remember that myelin speeds up nerve impulse transmission; its damage leads to slower or blocked conduction.

BALASOURY · Answer

Synaptic cleft; neurotransmitter release

BALASOURY · Answer

Neuron cell body; protein synthesis

BALASOURY · Answer

The correct Option is "Myelin sheath; nerve impulse conduction"

BALASOURY · Answer

Dendrites; signal reception

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