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A patient presents with a complete transection of the spinal cord at the T10 level. Which reflex would MOST likely be ABSENT while all others remain intact?
Pupillary light reflex
Biceps reflex
Patellar reflex
Withdrawal reflex (in the foot)
Damage to the Renshaw cells in the spinal cord would MOST likely result in which of the following?
Loss of all reflexes
Hypotonia and muscle weakness
Sustained muscle contractions and spasms
Enhanced reciprocal inhibition
Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in the monosynaptic stretch reflex?
GABA
Glycine
Acetylcholine
Glutamate
In a hypothetical scenario where a new reflex is discovered, and it involves three interneurons within the spinal cord between the sensory and motor neurons, how would this reflex be classified?
Monosynaptic
Disynaptic
Trisynaptic
Polysynaptic
The crossed-extensor reflex is crucial for maintaining balance during which activity?
Sitting upright
Writing with a pen
Reading a book
Stepping on a sharp object
A lesion in the dorsal root ganglion would MOST directly affect which component of the reflex arc?
Motor neuron
Interneuron
Effector muscle
Sensory neuron
Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for maintaining balance and posture?
Cerebrum
Medulla oblongata
Cerebellum
Hypothalamus
What is the function of the myelin sheath in a neuron?
Produces neurotransmitters
Receives signals from other neurons
Insulates the axon and speeds up nerve impulse transmission
Stores genetic information
Which part of the nervous system controls involuntary actions like breathing and heart rate?
Somatic nervous system
Central nervous system
Autonomic nervous system
Peripheral nervous system
