The Question is from neet-zoology reproductive-health infertility, and it was created by the author T SAILAJA

Question

A couple experiencing infertility undergoes diagnostic testing. The male partner's semen analysis reveals normal sperm count and motility, but a significantly high percentage of spermatozoa with abnormal morphology.  Which of the following defects is MOST likely contributing to their infertility?

T SAILAJA · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: A
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
 **Primary Concept**: Male infertility factors and semen analysis interpretation.
 **Related Topics**: Sperm morphology, acrosome reaction, fertilization process, zona pellucida.
 **Prerequisites**: Basic understanding of human reproductive biology and semen analysis parameters.
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
  Normal sperm count and motility.
  High percentage of spermatozoa with abnormal morphology.
  Infertility.
**Method & Steps**:
 1. Analyze the given information: The problem highlights normal sperm count and motility, indicating sufficient sperm number and their ability to move. However, the abnormal morphology points towards structural defects in the sperm.
  Reasoning: Infertility can arise from various factors, including issues with sperm production, transport, or function.
 2. Consider the options: Options B, C, and D describe problems related to sperm production, transport, and testosterone levels respectively, which are ruled out by the normal sperm count and motility.
  Working: Option A is the only option that addresses abnormal sperm morphology and its impact on fertilization.
  Key Point: The acrosome is a cap-like structure on the sperm head containing enzymes crucial for penetrating the zona pellucida, the outer layer of the egg.  Abnormal acrosome morphology would impair this process.
 3. Conclusion:  Defects in the acrosome directly affect the sperm's ability to fertilize the egg, thus explaining the infertility despite normal count and motility.
  Result: A
  Verification: The question focuses on abnormal morphology as the key finding, directly linking it to the acrosome's role in fertilization.
 ## OPTION ANALYSIS
A ✓: Defects in the acrosome preventing proper penetration of the zona pellucida. This is the correct answer because abnormal sperm morphology, particularly acrosomal defects, directly impair the sperm's ability to penetrate the egg's protective layer (zona pellucida), leading to infertility.
B :x: Reduced fructose levels in the seminal fluid impairing sperm motility. This is incorrect because the question states normal sperm motility.
C :x: Blockage in the vas deferens preventing sperm transport. This is incorrect because a blockage would result in a low or zero sperm count, which is not the case here.
D :x: Low levels of testosterone leading to reduced sperm production. This is incorrect because the question states a normal sperm count.
 ## LEARNING AIDS
 **Common Mistakes**:
  1.Focusing on sperm count and motility alone without considering morphology:  Understanding that infertility can be caused by multiple factors, even with normal count and motility, is crucial.
  2.Misunderstanding the acrosome's role in fertilization:  A clear understanding of the acrosome reaction and its importance in penetrating the zona pellucida is necessary.
 **Quick Tips**:
  1.Always consider all semen analysis parameters (count, motility, morphology) when assessing male infertility.
  2.Remember the acrosome's crucial role in fertilization.

T SAILAJA · Answer

The correct Option is "Defects in the acrosome preventing proper penetration of the zona pellucida"

T SAILAJA · Answer

Reduced fructose levels in the seminal fluid impairing sperm motility

T SAILAJA · Answer

Blockage in the vas deferens preventing sperm transport

T SAILAJA · Answer

Low levels of testosterone leading to reduced sperm production

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