The Question is from neet-botany cell-biology , and it was created by the author Mr. NARESH KUMAR K

Question

Which structural component of a prokaryotic cell exhibits the highest resistance to lysozyme digestion?

Mr. NARESH KUMAR K · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: C
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
 **Primary Concept**: Bacterial cell wall structure and lysozyme activity
 **Related Topics**: Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, Mycoplasma, Bacterial capsules, Peptidoglycan
 **Prerequisites**: Understanding of prokaryotic cell structure, the function of lysozyme, and the differences between Gram-positive and Gram-negative cell walls.
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
  The question asks which prokaryotic cell component is most resistant to lysozyme digestion.
  Lysozyme is an enzyme that targets peptidoglycan.
**Method & Steps**:
 1. Analyze the lysozyme target:
  Reasoning: Lysozyme hydrolyzes the β-1,4-glycosidic bonds in peptidoglycan, a major component of bacterial cell walls.
  Formula/Rule: None directly applicable, but understanding the enzyme's mechanism is key.
 2. Compare the cell wall structures:
  Working: Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer, making them susceptible to lysozyme. Gram-negative bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan layer sandwiched between two membranes, offering some protection. Mycoplasma lack a cell wall altogether, hence no peptidoglycan to be digested by lysozyme. Bacterial capsules are primarily polysaccharides and are not directly targeted by lysozyme.
  Key Point: The presence and thickness of peptidoglycan are crucial for lysozyme susceptibility.
 3. Identify the most resistant component:
  Result: Mycoplasma membrane shows the highest resistance because it lacks peptidoglycan.
  Verification: The absence of a cell wall in Mycoplasma makes them inherently resistant to lysozyme.
 ## OPTION ANALYSIS
A :x: Gram-positive cell wall:  Has a thick peptidoglycan layer, highly susceptible to lysozyme.
B :x: Gram-negative cell wall: Has a thin peptidoglycan layer, less susceptible than Gram-positive, but still affected.
C ✓: Mycoplasma membrane: Lacks a cell wall and peptidoglycan, therefore completely resistant to lysozyme.
D :x: Bacterial capsule: Composed of polysaccharides, not directly targeted by lysozyme.
 ## LEARNING AIDS
 **Common Mistakes**:
  1.Confusing the cell wall structures of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria: Focus on the thickness of the peptidoglycan layer.
  2.Overlooking the absence of a cell wall in Mycoplasma: Remember Mycoplasma are atypical bacteria.
 **Quick Tips**:
  1.Remember that lysozyme targets peptidoglycan.
  2.Associate Mycoplasma with the lack of a cell wall.

Mr. NARESH KUMAR K · Answer

Gram-positive cell wall

Mr. NARESH KUMAR K · Answer

Gram-negative cell wall

Mr. NARESH KUMAR K · Answer

The correct Option is "Mycoplasma membrane"

Mr. NARESH KUMAR K · Answer

Bacterial capsule

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