The Question is from neet-botany cell-biology , and it was created by the author B VENKAT

Question

Which organelle contains enzymes that convert fatty acids into sugars, especially in germinating seeds?

B VENKAT · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: B
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
 **Primary Concept**: Plant cell organelles and their functions
 **Related Topics**: Lipid metabolism, gluconeogenesis, germination
 **Prerequisites**: Basic knowledge of cell biology and metabolic pathways.
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
  The question asks about the organelle responsible for converting fatty acids into sugars, particularly in germinating seeds.
  This process is crucial for providing energy during seed germination before photosynthesis can begin.
**Method & Steps**:
 1. Identify the metabolic pathway involved: The conversion of fatty acids to sugars is a process called gluconeogenesis, specifically utilizing fatty acids as a substrate. This occurs in specialized organelles within plant cells.
  Reasoning: Germinating seeds rely on stored lipids (fats) for energy until they can establish photosynthesis.  The fatty acids are broken down to produce energy and building blocks for new tissues.
  Formula/Rule:  No specific formula is applicable here; it's based on biological knowledge.
 2. Determine the organelle responsible: Glyoxysomes are specialized peroxisomes found in plants, particularly in germinating seeds. They contain the enzymes necessary for β-oxidation of fatty acids and the subsequent conversion of the resulting acetyl-CoA into sugars via the glyoxylate cycle.
  Working: Glyoxysomes possess enzymes like isocitrate lyase and malate synthase, which are key to the glyoxylate cycle, a pathway unique to glyoxysomes that allows for the conversion of fatty acids into sugars.
  Key Point:  Peroxisomes are involved in various metabolic processes, but only glyoxysomes have the specific enzymes for this fatty acid-to-sugar conversion in germinating seeds.
 3. Eliminate incorrect options: Peroxisomes are related but not specifically adapted for the conversion in question. Lysosomes are involved in cellular waste breakdown, and ribosomes synthesize proteins.
  Result: Glyoxysomes are the correct answer.
  Verification: The glyoxylate cycle, operating within glyoxysomes, directly links fatty acid breakdown to sugar synthesis.
 ## OPTION ANALYSIS
A :x: Peroxisomes are involved in various metabolic processes, including fatty acid oxidation, but they do not possess the complete enzymatic machinery for the conversion of fatty acids to sugars via the glyoxylate cycle in germinating seeds.
B ✓: Glyoxysomes are specialized peroxisomes that contain the enzymes necessary for the conversion of fatty acids into sugars, particularly during seed germination, via the glyoxylate cycle.
C :x: Lysosomes are involved in the degradation of cellular waste and debris, not in the synthesis of sugars from fatty acids.
D :x: Ribosomes synthesize proteins, they are not involved in the metabolic pathway of converting fatty acids into sugars.
 ## LEARNING AIDS
 **Common Mistakes**:
  1.Confusing peroxisomes and glyoxysomes: Remember glyoxysomes are a specialized type of peroxisome found specifically in germinating seeds.
  2.Focusing on general functions instead of specific metabolic pathways: Pay attention to the specific process described in the question (fatty acid to sugar conversion).
 **Quick Tips**:
  1.Associate glyoxysomes with germinating seeds and the glyoxylate cycle.
  2.Remember the key enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle (isocitrate lyase and malate synthase) are found only in glyoxysomes.

B VENKAT · Answer

Peroxisomes

B VENKAT · Answer

The correct Option is "Glyoxysomes"

B VENKAT · Answer

Lysosomes

B VENKAT · Answer

Ribosomes

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