The Question is from neet-botany cell-cycle-and-cell-division , and it was created by the author NISHANTH

Question

In a plant cell undergoing mitosis, a mutation disrupts the function of phragmoplastin. Which stage of mitosis will be most directly affected, and what would be the observable consequence?

NISHANTH · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: D
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
 **Primary Concept**: Plant cell cytokinesis and the role of the phragmoplast.
 **Related Topics**: Mitosis, cell wall formation, plant cell structure.
 **Prerequisites**: Understanding of the stages of mitosis and the process of cytokinesis in plant cells.
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
  A mutation disrupts phragmoplastin function in a plant cell undergoing mitosis.
  Phragmoplastin is a protein crucial for the formation of the cell plate during cytokinesis in plant cells.
**Method & Steps**:
 1. Identify the role of phragmoplastin.
  Reasoning: Phragmoplastin is a key component of the phragmoplast, a structure that forms during cytokinesis in plant cells. The phragmoplast guides the construction of the new cell wall between the two daughter nuclei.
  Formula/Rule: N/A
 2. Determine the stage of mitosis affected.
  Working: Since phragmoplastin is involved in cytokinesis, a disruption in its function will directly affect the final stage of mitosis, cytokinesis.
  Key Point:  Cytokinesis is the process of cytoplasmic division, resulting in two separate daughter cells. In plant cells, this involves the formation of a cell plate.
 3. Predict the observable consequence.
  Result: Incomplete cell wall formation will be the observable consequence. The daughter cells may not fully separate, or the new cell wall may be structurally weak.
  Verification: This aligns with the known role of phragmoplastin in cell plate formation.
 ## OPTION ANALYSIS
A :x: Prophase involves chromosome condensation, which is not directly related to phragmoplastin.
B :x: Metaphase involves chromosome alignment at the metaphase plate, unrelated to phragmoplastin.
C :x: Anaphase involves sister chromatid separation, also unrelated to phragmoplastin.
D ✓: Cytokinesis is the stage where the cell plate forms, and phragmoplastin is essential for this process.  A disruption would lead to incomplete cell wall formation.
 ## LEARNING AIDS
 **Common Mistakes**:
  1.Confusing cytokinesis with other stages of mitosis:  Understanding the distinct roles of each mitotic stage is crucial.
  How to avoid: Carefully review the events of each stage of mitosis, specifically focusing on the differences between animal and plant cytokinesis.
  2.Overlooking the specific role of phragmoplastin:  Focusing solely on the general process of cytokinesis without understanding the specific function of phragmoplastin can lead to incorrect conclusions.
  How to avoid:  Learn the specific roles of key proteins involved in plant cell cytokinesis.
 **Quick Tips**:
  1.Remember that plant cell cytokinesis differs significantly from animal cell cytokinesis, involving the formation of a cell plate.
  2.Associate phragmoplastin with cell plate formation and cytokinesis in plant cells.

NISHANTH · Answer

Prophase; failure of chromosome condensation

NISHANTH · Answer

Metaphase; misalignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate

NISHANTH · Answer

Anaphase; inability of sister chromatids to separate

NISHANTH · Answer

The correct Option is "Cytokinesis; incomplete cell wall formation"

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