The Question is from neet-botany molecular-basis-of-inheritance introduction, and it was created by the author K SURESH KUMAR

Question

Given below is the percentage of nitrogenous bases present in four different samples of the genetic material. Identify, which sample belongs to an RNA virus

K SURESH KUMAR · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: C
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
**Primary Concept**:  Distinguishing between DNA and RNA based on nitrogenous bases.
**Related Topics**:  Structure of nucleic acids, composition of genetic material, viral genomes.
**Prerequisites**: Knowledge of the four nitrogenous bases in DNA (Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine) and RNA (Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil).
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
   * Four samples of genetic material with percentage composition of nitrogenous bases.
   * The question asks to identify the sample belonging to an RNA virus.
**Method & Steps**:
   1. **Recall the key difference between DNA and RNA:**  DNA contains Thymine (T), while RNA contains Uracil (U).
      *Reasoning:* This is a fundamental difference in their chemical composition.
      *Formula/Rule:* None.
   2. **Examine each sample for the presence of Uracil (U):** Sample C contains Uracil (U), and none of the other samples do.
       *Working:* Sample A and B contain Thymine (T), therefore they are not RNA. Sample D also contains Thymine (T), therefore is not RNA. Sample C contains Uracil, therefore it is RNA.
       *Key Point:*  The presence of Uracil is a definitive indicator of RNA.
    3. **Conclude that Sample C is from an RNA virus:** Since RNA viruses have RNA as their genetic material, Sample C is the only option that fits this criterion.
        *Result:* Sample C is the correct answer.
        *Verification:* The presence of U confirms it.
## OPTION ANALYSIS
[A] :x: Contains Thymine (T), indicating DNA, not RNA.
[B] :x: Contains Thymine (T), indicating DNA, not RNA.
[C] ✓: Contains Uracil (U), indicating RNA, and is the correct option.
[D] :x: Contains Thymine (T), indicating DNA, not RNA.
## LEARNING AIDS
**Common Mistakes**:
   1. Confusing the nitrogenous bases between DNA and RNA: Remember that DNA has Thymine (T) and RNA has Uracil (U).
      *How to avoid:* Memorize the specific bases for each type of nucleic acid.
   2. Assuming all genetic material has the same composition: Understand that DNA and RNA have distinct features.
      *How to avoid:* Focus on the key differences in their structures.
**Quick Tips**:
   1.  Uracil is Unique to RNA: Remember the 'U' in Uracil is unique to RNA.
   2.  Think of 'T' for DNA and 'U' for RNA as a simple way to remember the base differences.

K SURESH KUMAR · Answer

Sample A : A &ndash; 23%, G &ndash; 27%, C &ndash; 27%, T &ndash; 23%

K SURESH KUMAR · Answer

Sample B : G &ndash; 22%, A &ndash; 28%, C &ndash; 22%, T &ndash; 28%

K SURESH KUMAR · Answer

The correct Option is "Sample C : U &ndash; 32%, G &ndash; 23%, C &ndash; 23%, A &ndash; 32%"

K SURESH KUMAR · Answer

Sample D : C &ndash; 8%, A &ndash; 42%, G &ndash; 8%, T &ndash; 42%

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