The Question is from neet-botany photosynthesis-in-higher-plants , and it was created by the author Mr. NARESH KUMAR K

Question

The precise location of the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) within the chloroplast is:

Mr. NARESH KUMAR K · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: C
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
 **Primary Concept**: Photosynthesis and the structure of chloroplasts
 **Related Topics**: Thylakoid membrane, Photosystem II, Electron transport chain
 **Prerequisites**: Basic understanding of chloroplast structure and the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
  The question asks for the precise location of the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC).
  The options are different parts of the chloroplast.
**Method & Steps**:
 1. Understand the role of the OEC.
  Reasoning: The OEC is a part of Photosystem II (PSII) and is responsible for splitting water molecules ($H_2O$) during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. This process, called photolysis, releases electrons, protons ($H^+$), and oxygen ($O_2$).
  Formula/Rule:  $2H_2O ightarrow 4H^+ + 4e^- + O_2$
 2. Recall the location of PSII.
  Working: PSII is an integral membrane protein complex embedded in the thylakoid membrane.  The OEC is a manganese-containing cluster associated with the lumenal side of PSII.
  Key Point: The thylakoid lumen is the space inside the thylakoid sacs, which are interconnected membranous structures within the chloroplast.
 3. Identify the correct location.
  Result: The OEC is located on the lumen side of the thylakoid membrane.
  Verification: This location allows the protons released during water splitting to accumulate in the thylakoid lumen, creating a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis.
 ## OPTION ANALYSIS
A :x: Stroma: The stroma is the fluid-filled space surrounding the thylakoids within the chloroplast.  The OEC is not found in the stroma.
B :x: Outer chloroplast membrane: The outer membrane encloses the entire chloroplast but doesn't directly participate in the light-dependent reactions.
C ✓: Lumen side of the thylakoid membrane: This is the correct location of the OEC, where it facilitates water splitting and proton gradient formation.
D :x: Inner chloroplast membrane:  The inner chloroplast membrane (also called the thylakoid membrane) is where PSII is located, however the OEC is specifically on the lumenal side of this membrane.
 ## LEARNING AIDS
 **Common Mistakes**:
  1. Confusing the stroma with the thylakoid lumen: Understanding the distinct compartments within the chloroplast is crucial.
  2.  Misunderstanding the role of the thylakoid membrane: The thylakoid membrane is not just a barrier; it is the site of crucial photosynthetic processes.
 **Quick Tips**:
  1. Remember that the OEC is part of PSII, which is embedded in the thylakoid membrane.
  2. Visualize the chloroplast structure to understand the spatial relationships between the different compartments.

Mr. NARESH KUMAR K · Answer

Stroma

Mr. NARESH KUMAR K · Answer

Outer chloroplast membrane

Mr. NARESH KUMAR K · Answer

The correct Option is "Lumen side of the thylakoid membrane"

Mr. NARESH KUMAR K · Answer

Inner chloroplast membrane

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