The Question is from neet-botany photosynthesis-in-higher-plants , and it was created by the author Mr. NARESH KUMAR K

Question

I. Initial $C{O_2}$ acceptor
II. Extent of photorespiration
III. Enzyme catalysing reaction that fixes $C{O_2}$
IV. Presence of Calvin cycle
V. Leaf anatomy
Which one does not differ in a ${C_3}$ and ${C_4} - $ plants?

Mr. NARESH KUMAR K · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: B
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
	**Primary Concept**: Photosynthesis in $C_3$ and $C_4$ plants
	**Related Topics**: Photorespiration, Calvin cycle, Leaf anatomy
	**Prerequisites**: Understanding of $C_3$ and $C_4$ pathways
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
	Comparison of $C_3$ and $C_4$ plants based on five parameters.
**Method & Steps**:
	1. **Initial $CO_2$ acceptor:** In $C_3$ plants, it's RuBP, while in $C_4$ plants, it's PEP.
	2. **Extent of photorespiration:** $C_3$ plants have higher photorespiration than $C_4$ plants.
	3. **Enzyme catalysing $CO_2$ fixation:** In $C_3$ plants, it's Rubisco, and in $C_4$ plants, it's PEP carboxylase.
	4. **Presence of Calvin cycle:** Both $C_3$ and $C_4$ plants have the Calvin cycle.
	5. **Leaf anatomy:** $C_3$ plants have a normal leaf anatomy, while $C_4$ plants exhibit Kranz anatomy.
	Result: Only the presence of the Calvin cycle (IV) is common to both $C_3$ and $C_4$ plants.
## OPTION ANALYSIS
[A] :x: I (Initial $CO_2$ acceptor) and V (Leaf anatomy) are different in $C_3$ and $C_4$ plants.
[B] ✓: Only IV (Presence of Calvin cycle) is the same in both.
[C] :x: II (Extent of photorespiration) and III (Enzyme catalysing $CO_2$ fixation) are different.
[D] :x: II (Extent of photorespiration) is different.
## LEARNING AIDS
	**Common Mistakes**:
		1. Confusing the roles of PEP carboxylase and Rubisco.
			How to avoid: Remember that PEP carboxylase is involved in the initial $CO_2$ fixation in $C_4$ plants, while Rubisco does this in $C_3$ plants and is also involved in the Calvin cycle in both.
		2. Misunderstanding the significance of Kranz anatomy.
			How to avoid: Kranz anatomy in $C_4$ plants helps to minimize photorespiration by spatially separating the initial $CO_2$ fixation and the Calvin cycle.
	**Quick Tips**:
		1. $C_4$ plants are adapted to hot and dry environments due to their efficient $CO_2$ fixation mechanism and reduced photorespiration.
		2. The Calvin cycle is the primary pathway for carbon fixation in both $C_3$ and $C_4$ plants.

Mr. NARESH KUMAR K · Answer

I and V

Mr. NARESH KUMAR K · Answer

The correct Option is "Only IV"

Mr. NARESH KUMAR K · Answer

II and III

Mr. NARESH KUMAR K · Answer

Only II

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