The Question is from neet-botany plant-kingdom bryopsida, and it was created by the author NISHANTH

Question

Which feature distinguishes the protonema of *Funaria* from that of a fern?

NISHANTH · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: C
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
 **Primary Concept**: Bryophyte vs. Pteridophyte morphology
 **Related Topics**: Protonema development, cell division in plants, plant life cycles
 **Prerequisites**: Basic understanding of bryophyte and pteridophyte life cycles, knowledge of cell wall structure
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
  The question asks for a distinguishing feature between the protonema of *Funaria* (a moss, a type of bryophyte) and the protonema of a fern (a pteridophyte).
  Options: Filamentous nature, green color, presence of oblique septa, production of buds.
**Method & Steps**:
 1. Compare the characteristics of *Funaria* protonema and fern protonema.
  Reasoning: Both *Funaria* and ferns have filamentous, green protonemata that produce buds.  The key difference lies in the cell wall structure.
  Formula/Rule: N/A
 2. Analyze the cell division patterns.
  Working:  *Funaria* protonema develops through oblique cell divisions, resulting in cells with slanted cross-walls. Fern protonemata typically exhibit transverse (perpendicular) cell divisions.
  Key Point: The type of cell division directly influences the arrangement and shape of cells in the protonema.
 3. Identify the distinguishing feature.
  Result: The presence of oblique septa (cross-walls) is the distinguishing characteristic of *Funaria* protonema.
  Verification: This characteristic is a well-established difference between bryophyte and pteridophyte protonemata.  The other options are common to both.
 ## OPTION ANALYSIS
A :x: Filamentous nature: Both *Funaria* and fern protonemata are filamentous.
B :x: Green color: Both are green due to chlorophyll.
C ✓: Presence of oblique septa: This is a unique feature of *Funaria* protonema.
D :x: Production of buds: Both produce buds that develop into gametophores.
 ## LEARNING AIDS
 **Common Mistakes**:
  1.Confusing the characteristics of the gametophyte and sporophyte stages of the life cycle.: Focus on the specific features of the protonema stage.
  2.Overlooking the subtle differences in cell division patterns.: Pay attention to the orientation of cell walls.
 **Quick Tips**:
  1.Remember that bryophytes (like *Funaria*) generally have oblique cell divisions in their protonemata, while pteridophytes typically have transverse divisions.
  2.Visual aids like diagrams showing the cell structure of protonemata can help in understanding the differences.

NISHANTH · Answer

Filamentous nature

NISHANTH · Answer

Green color

NISHANTH · Answer

The correct Option is "Presence of oblique septa"

NISHANTH · Answer

Production of buds

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