The Question is from neet-botany respiration-in-plants glycolysis, and it was created by the author Mr. NARESH KUMAR K

Question

A rare genetic disorder impairs the enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase.  Which of the following metabolic consequences is MOST likely to be observed in an individual with this disorder?

Mr. NARESH KUMAR K · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: B
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
 **Primary Concept**: Glycolysis and the role of phosphoglycerate kinase
 **Related Topics**: ATP production, energy metabolism, enzyme function
 **Prerequisites**: Understanding of glycolysis, particularly the steps involving phosphoglycerate kinase.
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
  A genetic disorder impairs phosphoglycerate kinase.
  Phosphoglycerate kinase is an enzyme in glycolysis.
**Method & Steps**:
 1. Identify the role of phosphoglycerate kinase in glycolysis.
  Reasoning: Phosphoglycerate kinase catalyzes the reversible transfer of a phosphate group from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to ADP, producing ATP and 3-phosphoglycerate.  This is a substrate-level phosphorylation step.
  Formula/Rule: 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate + ADP <--(Phosphoglycerate Kinase)--> 3-Phosphoglycerate + ATP
 2. Determine the consequence of impaired phosphoglycerate kinase activity.
  Working: If the enzyme is impaired, this reaction will be inhibited. This means less ATP will be produced from this step, and 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate will accumulate because it cannot be converted to 3-phosphoglycerate efficiently.
  Key Point:  The reaction is essentially stalled at the 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate stage.
 3. Select the option that reflects the consequences.
  Result: Reduced ATP production and accumulation of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate.
  Verification: This aligns perfectly with the known function of phosphoglycerate kinase and the consequences of its deficiency.
 ## OPTION ANALYSIS
A :x: Increased ATP production is incorrect because the enzyme is impaired, leading to decreased ATP production.  Accumulation of 3-phosphoglycerate is also unlikely as the reaction is blocked before this product is formed.
B ✓: Reduced ATP production and accumulation of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate accurately reflects the consequences of impaired phosphoglycerate kinase activity. 
C :x: No change in ATP production is incorrect; the impairment will clearly reduce ATP production.  Pyruvate accumulation is not a direct consequence of this specific enzyme deficiency.
D :x: Increased lactate production and depletion of NAD+ are associated with anaerobic conditions, but are not the primary direct consequences of impaired phosphoglycerate kinase.  The effect on lactate would be indirect and likely less pronounced than the direct effect on ATP and 1,3-BPG.
 ## LEARNING AIDS
 **Common Mistakes**:
  1.Confusing the role of phosphoglycerate kinase with other enzymes in glycolysis: Understanding the specific reaction catalyzed by phosphoglycerate kinase is crucial. 
  2.Failing to consider the substrate accumulation: Enzyme deficiency often leads to the accumulation of the substrate of the affected reaction.
 **Quick Tips**:
  1.Draw out the glycolysis pathway and highlight the step involving phosphoglycerate kinase.
  2.Remember that substrate-level phosphorylation is a direct method of ATP production, so impaired enzyme activity will directly impact ATP levels.

Mr. NARESH KUMAR K · Answer

Increased ATP production and accumulation of 3-phosphoglycerate

Mr. NARESH KUMAR K · Answer

The correct Option is "Reduced ATP production and accumulation of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate"

Mr. NARESH KUMAR K · Answer

No change in ATP production but accumulation of pyruvate

Mr. NARESH KUMAR K · Answer

Increased lactate production and depletion of NAD+

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