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A germinating fatty seed has an R.Q. of 0.7. If the volume of CO2 released is 140 mL, what volume of O2 is consumed?
100 mL
140 mL
200 mL
280 mL
During alcoholic fermentation by yeast, a crucial intermediate is formed before the production of ethanol. This intermediate, which is also associated with muscle fatigue in animals, is:
Pyruvate
Lactate
Acetaldehyde
Citrate
Which of the following is NOT a typical characteristic of fermentative organisms?
Anaerobic metabolism
Tolerance to acidic conditions
Production of characteristic end-products
High ATP yield per glucose molecule
In heterolactic fermentation, glucose is converted to a mixture of products. Which of the following combinations is characteristic of heterolactic fermentation?
Lactic acid only
Ethanol and carbon dioxide only
Lactic acid, ethanol, and carbon dioxide
Acetic acid, butyric acid, and carbon dioxide
The Pasteur effect describes the inhibitory effect of oxygen on fermentation. This inhibition is primarily due to:
Direct inhibition of fermentative enzymes by oxygen
Increased activity of the electron transport chain
Feedback inhibition of glycolytic enzymes by ATP and citrate
Depletion of NADH required for fermentation
Which enzyme is crucial for regenerating in both alcoholic and lactic acid fermentation?
Lactate dehydrogenase
Alcohol dehydrogenase
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
Pyruvate kinase
Which process is NOT directly involved in the gaseous exchange required for respiration in plants?
Diffusion
Stomatal opening and closing
Transpiration
Lenticular transpiration
How do plants obtain the oxygen required for respiration at night when photosynthesis is not occurring?
They store oxygen produced during the day
They switch to anaerobic respiration
Through lenticels and diffusion from air spaces within the plant
They do not respire at night
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding respiration in plants?
Plants respire only at night
Plants take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide during respiration
Plants respire through stomata and lenticels
Respiration in plants requires sunlight