Adding KI to AgNO₃

Adding AgNO₃ to KI

Adding equal volumes of 0.1M AgNO₃ and 0.1M KI

Adding equal volumes of 0.1M AgNO₃ and 0.2M KI

Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)

Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)

Polyethylene glycol (PEG)

Triton X-100

Size

Mass

Charge

Nature

Magnitude of its charge

Size of the ion

Polarity of the ion

Concentration of the ion

Higher the valency of the flocculating ion added, the greater is its power to cause precipitation (coagulation).

Ions with the same charge as the colloid are effective in coagulation.

The coagulation power of an electrolyte is directly proportional to the valency of the active ions (ions causing coagulation).

According to the Hardy Schulze rule, the greater the valency of the active ion or flocculating ion, the greater its coagulating power.

$A{S_2}{O_3}$ sol

Ruby glass

$N{a_2}C{O_3}$ solution

Sodium stearate concentrated solution

$\Delta G$ and $\Delta H$ are negative but $\Delta S$ is positive

$\Delta G$ and $\Delta H$ are negative but $\Delta S$ is zero

$\Delta G$ is negative but $\Delta H$ and $\Delta S$ are positive

$\Delta G,\,\Delta H\,{\rm{and}}\,\Delta S$ all are negative

Gel

Sol

Emulsion

Foam

Magnesium nitrate

Potassium nitrate

Potassium sulphate

Aluminium nitrate

Positive

Negative

Neutral

Cannot be determined

A1 < A2 < A3 < A4

A3 < A1 < A2 < A4

A1 (or A3) < A2 < A4

A4 < A2 < A1 (or A3)