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    2.

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the early forms of life on Earth?

    A

    The earliest organisms were likely anaerobic, and the first autotrophs were chemoautotrophs that did not release oxygen.

    B

    The earliest organisms were aerobic, and the first autotrophs were photoautotrophs that released oxygen.

    C

    The earliest organisms were anaerobic, and the first autotrophs were photoautotrophs that released oxygen.

    D

    The earliest organisms were aerobic, and the first autotrophs were chemoautotrophs that did not release oxygen.

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    4.

    Evolution is best described as:

    A

    A rapid change in an individual's traits during its lifetime.

    B

    A gradual change in the characteristics of a population over time.

    C

    The development of new species in a single generation.

    D

    The unchanging nature of life forms.

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    7.

    What does the study of biogeography contribute to our understanding of evolution?

    A

    It explains the precise mechanisms of genetic mutations.

    B

    It proves that acquired characteristics are inherited.

    C

    It demonstrates the spontaneous generation of life.

    D

    It shows how the distribution of organisms reflects evolutionary history and geological events.

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    9.

    Which of the following best describes the experimental setup used by S.L. Miller to simulate early Earth conditions and investigate the formation of organic molecules?

    A

    An open system with a reducing atmosphere and UV light.

    B

    A closed system with an oxidizing atmosphere, UV light, and a heat source.

    C

    An open system with a reducing atmosphere and a heat source.

    D

    A closed system with a reducing atmosphere, electrical sparks, and a condenser.

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    10.

    The first autotrophic organisms on Earth were likely:

    A

    Chemoautotrophs that did not release oxygen

    B

    Photoautotrophs that released oxygen

    C

    Chemoautotrophs that released oxygen

    D

    Photoautotrophs that did not release oxygen

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