The Question is from neet-zoology structural-organisation-in-animals , and it was created by the author A SUBRAMANYAM

Question

A unique characteristic of cardiac muscle tissue, NOT found in skeletal or smooth muscle, is:

A SUBRAMANYAM · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: D
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
 **Primary Concept**: Differences in muscle tissue types
 **Related Topics**: Cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, intercalated discs, gap junctions
 **Prerequisites**: Basic understanding of muscle tissue structure and function.
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
The question asks for a characteristic unique to cardiac muscle.
**Method & Steps**:
1. Analyze each option to determine its presence in cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle.
   Reasoning: We need to identify the feature exclusively found in cardiac muscle.
   Formula/Rule: None needed.
2. Evaluate the options:
   Option A: Actin and myosin filaments are present in all three muscle types.
   Option B: Both cardiac and smooth muscles contract involuntarily. Skeletal muscle is voluntary.
   Option C: Both cardiac and skeletal muscles have a striated appearance.
   Option D: Intercalated discs with gap junctions are unique to cardiac muscle, enabling rapid and synchronized contractions. 
   Working:  This option describes a structural feature specific to cardiac muscle facilitating its coordinated contractions.
   Key Point: Intercalated discs are crucial for the heart's efficient pumping action.
3. Determine the unique characteristic:
   Result: Intercalated discs with gap junctions are the unique characteristic.
   Verification: By eliminating other options, we confirm the uniqueness of intercalated discs in cardiac muscle.
## OPTION ANALYSIS
A :x: Presence of actin and myosin filaments is common to all three muscle types.
B :x: Involuntary contraction is a characteristic of both cardiac and smooth muscles.
C :x: Striated appearance is found in both cardiac and skeletal muscles.
D ✓: Intercalated discs with gap junctions are a unique feature of cardiac muscle tissue, enabling synchronized contraction necessary for the heart's coordinated pumping action. These structures facilitate rapid electrical communication between cardiac muscle cells.
## LEARNING AIDS
 **Common Mistakes**:
  1.Confusing involuntary contraction with cardiac muscle only: Remember that smooth muscle also contracts involuntarily.
  2.Overlooking the functional significance of intercalated discs:  Understand their role in synchronized contractions.
 **Quick Tips**:
  1.Focus on the structural differences between muscle types.
  2.Remember that cardiac muscle needs synchronized contraction for efficient pumping.

A SUBRAMANYAM · Answer

Presence of actin and myosin filaments.

A SUBRAMANYAM · Answer

Ability to contract involuntarily.

A SUBRAMANYAM · Answer

Striated appearance under a microscope.

A SUBRAMANYAM · Answer

The correct Option is "Intercalated discs with gap junctions enabling synchronized contraction."

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