The Question is from neet-botany biomolecules-biology , and it was created by the author B VENKAT

Question

Which of the following lipid modifications is NOT typically found in integral membrane proteins?

B VENKAT · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: D
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
 **Primary Concept**: Lipid modifications of membrane proteins
 **Related Topics**: Integral membrane proteins, lipid anchors, post-translational modifications
 **Prerequisites**: Understanding of protein structure, membrane biology, and types of lipid modifications.
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
  The question asks which lipid modification is NOT typically found in integral membrane proteins.
  Options: Palmitoylation, Myristoylation, Prenylation, GPI anchor
**Method & Steps**:
 1. Analyze each lipid modification:
  Reasoning:  We need to determine which modification is characteristically associated with peripheral rather than integral membrane proteins.
 2. Evaluate the options:
  Working:
  * Palmitoylation: Attaches palmitic acid, a saturated fatty acid, to cysteine residues.  Common in integral membrane proteins, often regulating protein localization and function.
  * Myristoylation: Attaches myristic acid, a saturated fatty acid, to N-terminal glycine residues.  Frequently found in integral membrane proteins, contributing to membrane association.
  * Prenylation: Attaches isoprenoid lipids (e.g., farnesyl, geranylgeranyl) to cysteine residues near the C-terminus.  Common in integral membrane proteins, especially those involved in signal transduction.
  * Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor: A complex glycolipid that anchors proteins to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane.  This modification is characteristic of *peripheral* membrane proteins, not integral membrane proteins. Integral membrane proteins span the membrane, while GPI-anchored proteins are attached to the outer surface.
 3. Identify the incorrect option:
  Result: GPI anchor is not a typical modification of integral membrane proteins.
  Verification: The defining characteristic of integral membrane proteins is their transmembrane domain, directly interacting with the hydrophobic core of the membrane. GPI anchors proteins to the outer leaflet, without spanning the membrane.  Therefore, option D is correct.
## OPTION ANALYSIS
A ✓: Palmitoylation is a common modification of integral membrane proteins.
B :x: Myristoylation is a common modification of integral membrane proteins.
C :x: Prenylation is a common modification of integral membrane proteins.
D :x: GPI anchor is a modification found in peripheral membrane proteins, not integral membrane proteins.
## LEARNING AIDS
 **Common Mistakes**:
  1.Confusing integral and peripheral membrane proteins: Understanding the distinction between transmembrane domains and surface attachments is crucial.
   How to avoid: Review the definitions and structural differences between integral and peripheral membrane proteins.
  2.Overlooking the specific location of GPI anchors: Remembering that GPI anchors attach to the extracellular leaflet of the plasma membrane is key.
   How to avoid: Visualize the membrane structure and the location of GPI-anchored proteins.
 **Quick Tips**:
  1.Think about the mechanism of membrane association: Integral proteins span the membrane; peripheral proteins attach to its surface.
  2.GPI anchors are always on the extracellular side of the membrane.

B VENKAT · Answer

Palmitoylation

B VENKAT · Answer

Myristoylation

B VENKAT · Answer

Prenylation

B VENKAT · Answer

The correct Option is "Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor"

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