The Question is from neet-botany , and it was created by the author K SURESH KUMAR

Question

The symbiotic relationship between nitrogen-fixing bacteria and leguminous plants involves complex signaling and structural modifications in the root. Which of the following accurately describes the role of NOD factors in this interaction?

K SURESH KUMAR · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: B
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
 **Primary Concept**: Plant-microbe interactions, specifically the symbiotic relationship between nitrogen-fixing bacteria (rhizobia) and leguminous plants.
 **Related Topics**: Nodulation, nitrogen fixation, signal transduction, root development.
 **Prerequisites**: Basic understanding of plant-microbe symbiosis and the role of signaling molecules.
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
  The question asks about the role of NOD factors in the interaction between nitrogen-fixing bacteria and leguminous plants.
  Options describe different potential roles of NOD factors.
**Method & Steps**:
 1. Understand the process of nodulation.  Leguminous plants form symbiotic relationships with rhizobia, resulting in the formation of root nodules where nitrogen fixation occurs.
  Reasoning: This symbiotic relationship requires intricate signaling between the plant and bacteria.
  Formula/Rule:  None directly applicable.
 2. Identify the role of NOD factors. NOD factors are lipochitooligosaccharides produced by rhizobia. They are essential signaling molecules that initiate the nodulation process in the plant.
  Working: NOD factors are recognized by plant receptors, triggering a cascade of events leading to root hair curling, cortical cell division, and ultimately nodule formation.
  Key Point: NOD factors are bacterial signals, not plant hormones or enzymes.
 3. Evaluate the options. Option B accurately describes the role of NOD factors in initiating root hair curling and cortical cell division, which are crucial steps in nodule formation.
  Result: Option B is the correct answer.
  Verification: The other options are incorrect because NOD factors are not plant hormones, enzymes, or nitrogen transporters.
 ## OPTION ANALYSIS
A :x: Plant hormones that promote bacterial growth within root nodules:  While plant hormones are involved in nodulation, NOD factors themselves are not plant hormones. They are bacterial signals that initiate the plant's response.
B ✓: Bacterial signals that trigger root hair curling and cortical cell division: This accurately describes the primary role of NOD factors in initiating the nodulation process.
C :x: Enzymes produced by the plant to break down bacterial cell walls:  NOD factors are not enzymes; they are signaling molecules.
D :x: Proteins that transport nitrogen from bacteria to plant cells:  Nitrogen transport is a later stage in the process; NOD factors initiate the nodulation process itself.
 ## LEARNING AIDS
 **Common Mistakes**:
  1.Confusing NOD factors with other molecules involved in nodulation (e.g., plant hormones):  Understand that NOD factors are specifically the bacterial signal that initiates the plant's response.
  2.Overlooking the specific role of NOD factors in root hair curling and cortical cell division:  These are key features of the early stages of nodulation initiated by NOD factors.
 **Quick Tips**:
  1.Remember that NOD factors are bacterial signals, not plant-produced molecules.
  2.Associate NOD factors with the early stages of nodulation (root hair curling and cortical cell division).

K SURESH KUMAR · Answer

Plant hormones that promote bacterial growth within root nodules

K SURESH KUMAR · Answer

The correct Option is "Bacterial signals that trigger root hair curling and cortical cell division"

K SURESH KUMAR · Answer

Enzymes produced by the plant to break down bacterial cell walls

K SURESH KUMAR · Answer

Proteins that transport nitrogen from bacteria to plant cells

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