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NEET Questions / Botany / Biotechnology and Its Applications
A 55-year-old male presents with progressive dyspnea, cough, and weight loss. A chest X-ray reveals bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy and interstitial infiltrates. Bronchoscopy with transbronchial biopsy shows non-caseating granulomas. Which of the following is the MOST likely diagnosis?
Sarcoidosis
Tuberculosis
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Lymphoma
A 30-year-old female presents with recurrent episodes of severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and peripheral neuropathy. Urine porphyrin levels are elevated. Which enzyme deficiency is MOST likely responsible for her condition?
Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase
Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase
Porphobilinogen deaminase
Ferrochelatase
A patient presents with fever, chills, and a new heart murmur. Blood cultures are positive for Streptococcus viridans. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate initial empiric antibiotic therapy?
Oral amoxicillin
IV ceftriaxone + vancomycin
IV gentamicin + vancomycin
Oral ciprofloxacin
A 25-year-old male presents with acute onset of flank pain radiating to the groin, nausea, and vomiting. Urinalysis reveals hematuria. A non-contrast CT scan shows a 3mm stone in the distal ureter. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate initial management?
Immediate lithotripsy
Ureteroscopy with stone removal
Hydration and pain control with NSAIDs
Percutaneous nephrostomy
A 60-year-old male with a history of hypertension and diabetes presents with sudden onset of severe tearing chest pain radiating to the back. Which of the following diagnostic tests is MOST likely to confirm the diagnosis?
Chest X-ray
ECG
CT angiography of the chest
Cardiac MRI
A patient with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis develops severe muscle cramps and weakness. ECG shows prolonged QT interval. Which electrolyte abnormality is MOST likely responsible for these findings?
Hypocalcemia
Hyperkalemia
Hypokalemia
Hypermagnesemia
A scientist is attempting to develop a transgenic crop resistant to a specific lepidopteran pest. Which gene would be the LEAST suitable candidate for transfer?
A gene encoding a Bt toxin
A gene conferring resistance to a bacterial pathogen
A gene involved in photosynthesis
A gene encoding a protein that disrupts insect gut function
Which combination of technologies is MOST likely to be employed in developing a 'Golden Rice' variety with enhanced iron bioavailability?
Phytoene synthase gene transfer, Lycopene beta-cyclase gene transfer
Ferritin gene transfer, Phytase gene transfer
Cry gene transfer, Proteinase inhibitor gene transfer
Viral coat protein gene transfer, Chitinase gene transfer
A researcher uses Agrobacterium tumefaciens to introduce a gene into a plant cell. Which of the following is NOT a crucial step in this process?
Infection of plant cells with the engineered Agrobacterium
Insertion of the gene of interest into the Ti plasmid
Ligation of the gene into a yeast expression vector
Regeneration of the transformed plant cells
Which technique is LEAST suitable for introducing a foreign gene into a mature plant cell with a thick cell wall?
Biolistics
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation
Microinjection
Heat shock transformation
