A colloidal solution of gold nanoparticles is prepared by reduction of $HAuCl_4$. Which of the following methods is MOST EFFECTIVE for purifying this solution from excess reactants and small ionic byproducts?

A solution is prepared by dissolving 10 g of sucrose ($C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}$) in 200 g of water. What is the mole fraction of sucrose?

$0.2$ g of a sample of ${{\rm{H}}_2}{{\rm{O}}_2}$ required $10$ mL of $N{\rm{KMn}}{{\rm{O}}_4}$ in a titration in the presence of ${{\rm{H}}_2}{\rm{S}}{{\rm{O}}_4}{\rm{.}}$. Purity of ${{\rm{H}}_2}{{\rm{O}}_2}$ is :

A solution is prepared by dissolving 2.5g of a non-volatile solute in 100g of water. The vapor pressure of the solution is found to be 22.87 Torr at $25^\circ C$. If the vapor pressure of pure water is 23.76 Torr at the same temperature, what is the molar mass of the solute (in g/mol)?

What weight of ${\rm{HN}}{{\rm{O}}_3}$ is needed to convert $5\,g\,{I_2}$  into ${\rm{HI}}{{\rm{O}}_3},{\rm{HN}}{{\rm{O}}_3} o {\rm{NO}}?$

A solution is prepared by dissolving 20g of a non-volatile solute in 180g of water. If the vapor pressure of pure water at this temperature is 23.76 mmHg and the solution exhibits a vapor pressure of 23.52 mmHg, what is the molar mass of the solute? (Molar mass of water = 18 g/mol)

What weight of ${\rm{HN}}{{\rm{O}}_3}$ is needed to convert 5 g of iodine into iodic acid according to the reaction, ${{\rm{I}}_2} + {\rm{HN}}{{\rm{O}}_3} o {\rm{HI}}{{\rm{O}}_3} + {\rm{N}}{{\rm{O}}_2} + {{\rm{H}}_2}{\rm{O}}?$ ?

How many litre of ${\rm{C}}{{\rm{l}}_2}$ at STP will be liberated by the oxidation of ${\rm{NaCl}}$ with 10 g ${\rm{KMn}}{{\rm{O}}_4}$?

How many g of ${\rm{KMn}}{{\rm{O}}_4}$ are needed to prepare 3.75 litre of 0.850 $N$ solution if ${\rm{KMn}}{{\rm{O}}_4}$ is reduced as, ${\rm{MnO}}_4^ - + 8{{\rm{H}}^ + } + 5{\rm{e}} o {\rm{M}}{{\rm{n}}^{2 + }} + 4{{\rm{H}}_2}{\rm{O}}$

What weight of ${\rm{HN}}{{\rm{O}}_3}$ is needed to convert 5 g of iodine into iodic acid according to the reaction, ${{\rm{I}}_2} + {\rm{HN}}{{\rm{O}}_3} o {\rm{HI}}{{\rm{O}}_3} + {\rm{N}}{{\rm{O}}_2} + {{\rm{H}}_2}{\rm{O}}?$ ?

How many litre of ${\rm{C}}{{\rm{l}}_2}$ at STP will be liberated by the oxidation of ${\rm{NaCl}}$ with 10 g ${\rm{KMn}}{{\rm{O}}_4}$?