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    8.

    The therapeutic index of a drug is defined as:

    A

    The ratio of the ED50_{50} to the TD50_{50}.

    B

    The ratio of the TD50_{50} to the ED50_{50}.

    C

    The sum of the TD50_{50} and the ED50_{50}.

    D

    The difference between the TD50_{50} and the ED50_{50}.

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    9.

    Which of the following statements regarding the mechanism of action of benzodiazepines is INCORRECT?

    A

    They enhance the effect of GABA by increasing the frequency of chloride channel opening.

    B

    They bind to a specific site on the GABAA_A receptor complex.

    C

    They act as dopamine agonists, enhancing dopaminergic neurotransmission.

    D

    Their effects can be reversed by flumazenil, a competitive antagonist.

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    10.

    A patient presents with severe opioid overdose. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate immediate course of action?

    A

    Induce vomiting to remove unabsorbed opioid.

    B

    Administer activated charcoal to adsorb the opioid.

    C

    Administer naloxone, an opioid receptor antagonist.

    D

    Wait for the opioid effects to wear off naturally.

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