The Question is from neet-zoology body-fluids-and-circulation , and it was created by the author Mr. BALACHANDRA.N

Question

A patient presents with chronic fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath.  Blood tests reveal microcytic, hypochromic red blood cells. Further investigation shows a defect in iron absorption in the intestines. Which of the following conditions is MOST likely responsible for these findings?

Mr. BALACHANDRA.N · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: C
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
	**Primary Concept**: Hematological disorders, specifically anemias.
	**Related Topics**: Red blood cell morphology, iron metabolism, gastrointestinal absorption.
	**Prerequisites**: Understanding of different types of anemia, the role of iron in red blood cell production, and the interpretation of blood test results.
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
		Chronic fatigue, pallor, shortness of breath (symptoms of anemia)
		Microcytic, hypochromic red blood cells (indicative of iron deficiency)
		Defect in iron absorption in the intestines (cause of iron deficiency)
**Method & Steps**:
	1. Analyze the symptoms and lab findings:
		Reasoning: The symptoms (fatigue, pallor, shortness of breath) along with microcytic, hypochromic red blood cells strongly suggest anemia. The defect in iron absorption points to a specific type of anemia.
		Formula/Rule: None directly applicable, this is a clinical diagnosis based on symptoms and lab findings.
	2.  Consider the different types of anemia:
		Working:  Pernicious anemia is due to vitamin B12 deficiency, sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder affecting hemoglobin structure, and thalassemia involves defects in globin chain synthesis. None of these directly explain a defect in intestinal iron absorption.
		Key Point: Iron-deficiency anemia is the most common type of anemia and is directly caused by inadequate iron intake or absorption.
	3.  Determine the most likely diagnosis:
		Result: Iron-deficiency anemia is the most likely diagnosis given the presence of microcytic, hypochromic red blood cells and a confirmed defect in intestinal iron absorption.
		Verification: The symptoms and lab results are all consistent with iron-deficiency anemia.
## OPTION ANALYSIS
A :x: Pernicious anemia is caused by vitamin B12 deficiency, not iron deficiency.
B :x: Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder affecting hemoglobin, not iron absorption.
C ✓: Iron-deficiency anemia directly results from insufficient iron, often due to poor absorption as described.
D :x: Thalassemia is a genetic disorder affecting hemoglobin synthesis, not iron absorption.
## LEARNING AIDS
	**Common Mistakes**:
		1. Confusing different types of anemia:  Understanding the distinct causes and characteristics of each anemia type is crucial for accurate diagnosis.
		2. Overlooking the significance of microcytic and hypochromic red blood cells: These are key indicators of iron deficiency.
	**Quick Tips**:
		1. Remember the classic triad of iron deficiency anemia: fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath.
		2. Microcytic, hypochromic red blood cells are a hallmark of iron deficiency anemia.

Mr. BALACHANDRA.N · Answer

Pernicious anemia

Mr. BALACHANDRA.N · Answer

Sickle cell anemia

Mr. BALACHANDRA.N · Answer

The correct Option is "Iron-deficiency anemia"

Mr. BALACHANDRA.N · Answer

Thalassemia

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