Prepare for NEET Biology Breathing And Exchange Of Gases with MCQs & PYQs on NEET.GUIDE. Enjoy free practice, previous year questions, and expert insights to master respiratory physiology.
A defect in which specific component of the respiratory system would MOST directly impair the body's ability to effectively remove inhaled particulate matter like dust and pollen?
Type I alveolar cells
Pulmonary capillaries
Mucociliary escalator
Respiratory bronchioles
A unique feature of the avian respiratory system is the presence of air sacs. Which of the following is NOT a function of these air sacs?
Reduce the weight of the bird
Act as bellows to move air through the lungs
Direct gas exchange with the blood
Help maintain a unidirectional airflow through the lungs
A patient presents with significantly reduced lung compliance and an inability to fully exhale. Microscopic examination of lung tissue reveals thickened alveolar walls and loss of elastic fibers. Which of the following conditions is the MOST likely diagnosis?
Emphysema
Asthma
Pulmonary fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis
During strenuous exercise, a significant increase in the concentration of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG) in erythrocytes is observed. This increase PRIMARILY facilitates which of the following?
Increased oxygen binding in the lungs
Enhanced oxygen unloading in tissues
Increased carbon dioxide transport in blood
Reduced oxygen affinity of fetal hemoglobin
Which of the following accurately describes the role of the chloride shift in respiration?
Facilitates oxygen binding to hemoglobin
Increases carbon dioxide solubility in plasma
Maintains electroneutrality during bicarbonate transport
Regulates the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid
A rare genetic mutation affects the function of pulmonary surfactant. Which of the following would be the MOST direct consequence of this mutation?
Decreased airway resistance and increased airflow
Increased alveolar surface tension and difficulty inflating lungs
Enhanced gas exchange and increased oxygen diffusion
Reduced pulmonary blood pressure and improved circulation
In high-altitude environments, the partial pressure of oxygen is significantly reduced. Which physiological adaptation is LEAST likely to occur in individuals acclimatized to high altitude?
Increased erythropoietin production
Increased respiratory rate
Decreased 2,3-BPG levels
Increased capillary density in tissues
A patient exhibits chronic hypoventilation, leading to respiratory acidosis. Which compensatory mechanism is MOST likely to be activated?
Decreased renal bicarbonate reabsorption
Increased renal bicarbonate reabsorption
Decreased renal hydrogen ion secretion
Increased respiratory rate
A patient with severe emphysema exhibits significantly reduced oxygen uptake despite breathing 100% oxygen. This impaired gas exchange is PRIMARILY attributed to:
Decreased oxygen partial pressure gradient between alveoli and blood
Decreased surface area for diffusion due to alveolar damage
Increased thickness of the respiratory membrane
Reduced blood flow to the lungs
Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the respiratory system?
Intake of oxygen
Removal of carbon dioxide
Transport of nutrients to body cells
Regulation of blood pH
