The Question is from neet-zoology excretory-products-and-their-elimination , and it was created by the author T SAILAJA

Question

The counter-current mechanism in the nephron is primarily responsible for:

T SAILAJA · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: C
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
 **Primary Concept**: Renal physiology, specifically the concentration of urine in the nephron.
 **Related Topics**: Nephron structure, counter-current multiplication, vasa recta, loop of Henle.
 **Prerequisites**: Understanding of osmosis, diffusion, and the basic structure and function of the nephron.
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**: The question asks about the primary function of the counter-current mechanism in the nephron.
  
**Method & Steps**: The counter-current mechanism is a process that uses the counter-flow of fluids in the loop of Henle and the vasa recta to establish an osmotic gradient in the renal medulla. This gradient allows for the reabsorption of water from the collecting duct, leading to the concentration of urine.
 1. Understanding the counter-current multiplier:
  Reasoning: The loop of Henle creates a concentration gradient in the medulla by actively transporting ions out of the ascending limb. This creates a hyperosmotic environment in the medulla.
  Formula/Rule: No specific formula is needed here; this is a qualitative understanding.
 2. Role of the vasa recta:
  Working: The vasa recta, a network of capillaries surrounding the loop of Henle, maintains the osmotic gradient by counter-currently exchanging water and solutes with the interstitial fluid.
  Key Point: The counter-current flow prevents the rapid dissipation of the medullary osmotic gradient.
 3. Concentration of urine:
  Result: The hyperosmotic medulla draws water out of the collecting duct by osmosis, concentrating the urine.
  Verification: This is the established function of the counter-current mechanism; it's the reason mammals can produce highly concentrated urine, conserving water.
 ## OPTION ANALYSIS
A :x: Filtering the blood is the function of the glomerulus, not the counter-current mechanism.
B :x: Secreting hormones is primarily the role of endocrine organs, not the nephron's counter-current mechanism.
C ✓: Concentrating the urine is the primary function of the counter-current mechanism.
D :x: Regulating blood pH is done by the kidneys, but not specifically by the counter-current mechanism; it's a broader function involving bicarbonate reabsorption and other processes.
 ## LEARNING AIDS
 **Common Mistakes**: 
  1.Confusing the counter-current mechanism with glomerular filtration: Remember that filtration is a separate process occurring in Bowman's capsule.
  2.Overlooking the role of the vasa recta: The vasa recta is crucial for maintaining the medullary osmotic gradient.
 **Quick Tips**: 
  1.Visualize the loop of Henle and vasa recta as two parallel tubes flowing in opposite directions.
  2.Remember that the counter-current mechanism is responsible for the concentration gradient that allows for water reabsorption.

T SAILAJA · Answer

Filtering the blood

T SAILAJA · Answer

Secreting hormones

T SAILAJA · Answer

The correct Option is "Concentrating the urine"

T SAILAJA · Answer

Regulating blood pH

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