The Question is from neet-zoology , and it was created by the author A SUBRAMANYAM

Question

Which of the following combinations of reproductive strategies is LEAST likely to be observed in a single organism?

A SUBRAMANYAM · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: C
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
 **Primary Concept**: Reproductive strategies in organisms
 **Related Topics**: Asexual reproduction, sexual reproduction, modes of reproduction
 **Prerequisites**: Understanding of different asexual reproductive methods (binary fission, budding, fragmentation, regeneration, parthenogenesis, gemmule formation)
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
Four combinations of reproductive strategies are provided: 
A. Binary fission and budding
B. Fragmentation and regeneration
C. Fragmentation and parthenogenesis
D. Budding and gemmule formation
**Method & Steps**:
1. Analyze each combination to determine its likelihood in a single organism.
2. Identify the combination that is least likely due to the inherent nature of the reproductive methods involved.
Reasoning: Each option presents two methods of asexual reproduction.  Let's examine each:
A. Binary fission (splitting into two) and budding (outgrowth forming a new organism) are both common in simple organisms like bacteria and some invertebrates.  They are compatible mechanisms.
B. Fragmentation (breaking into pieces) and regeneration (regrowing lost parts) often occur together in organisms like planarians and starfish. The organism can reproduce asexually through fragmentation, and each fragment can regenerate into a whole organism. These are compatible mechanisms.
C. Fragmentation (breaking into pieces) and parthenogenesis (development of an egg without fertilization) are fundamentally different.  Fragmentation is an asexual process that relies on the physical separation of the parent into multiple offspring. Parthenogenesis is a form of asexual reproduction that involves the development of an unfertilized egg into a new organism.  While both are asexual, they are not typically seen together in the same organism because parthenogenesis is essentially a form of self-fertilization, whereas fragmentation requires a physical separation of the parent body.
D. Budding (outgrowth forming a new organism) and gemmule formation (internal buds) are both forms of asexual reproduction often seen together in the same organism (like sponges), particularly in sessile or colonial organisms. They are compatible mechanisms. 
3. Conclusion: The combination of fragmentation and parthenogenesis is the least likely because these processes are fundamentally different and rarely occur simultaneously in a single organism.
Result: C
Verification:  The other options represent combinations of reproductive strategies that are commonly observed in various organisms.
## OPTION ANALYSIS
A ✓: Binary fission and budding are both common asexual reproductive methods often found together in simple organisms.
B :x: Fragmentation and regeneration are often found together, enabling asexual reproduction through the breaking and regrowth of body parts.
C :x: Fragmentation is a physical process, while parthenogenesis is a developmental process.  These are rarely combined in a single organism.
D :x: Budding and gemmule formation are both forms of asexual reproduction that can occur in the same organism.
## LEARNING AIDS
 **Common Mistakes**: Ignoring the fundamental differences between the various types of asexual reproduction.
 **Quick Tips**:  Focus on the underlying mechanisms of each reproductive strategy. If the mechanisms are fundamentally incompatible (e.g., requiring different physiological processes), the combination is less likely.

A SUBRAMANYAM · Answer

Binary fission and budding

A SUBRAMANYAM · Answer

Fragmentation and regeneration

A SUBRAMANYAM · Answer

The correct Option is "Fragmentation and parthenogenesis"

A SUBRAMANYAM · Answer

Budding and gemmule formation

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