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Which of the following statements about vernalisation is INCORRECT?
Vernalisation is the promotion of flowering by a period of low temperature.
The cold treatment is perceived by the shoot apical meristem.
Vernalisation always promotes flowering in all plant species.
The vernalisation stimulus can sometimes be transmitted through grafting.
The stable change in the plant brought about by vernalisation is believed to be:
Genetic
Physiological
Epigenetic
Morphological
Vernalisation is most effective when the cold treatment is applied to:
Mature, fully grown plants
Dry seeds
Germinating seeds or young seedlings
Flowers
Which part of the plant perceives the cold stimulus during vernalisation?
Leaves
Roots
Shoot apical meristem
Flowers
If a vernalised plant is grafted onto a non-vernalised plant, and the latter subsequently flowers, this suggests that:
Vernalisation is not necessary for flowering.
The grafting process itself induces flowering.
A transmissible floral stimulus is produced during vernalisation.
Low temperatures are transmitted through the graft.
During embryonic development, the formation of the three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm) is known as:
Cleavage
Organogenesis
Neurulation
Gastrulation
Which extraembryonic membrane in mammals is involved in the formation of the placenta?
Amnion
Yolk sac
Allantois
Chorion
The process of programmed cell death during development is called:
Necrosis
Mitosis
Meiosis
Apoptosis
Which hormone plays a crucial role in metamorphosis in amphibians?
Growth Hormone
Insulin
Glucagon
Thyroxine
The process of development of fruits without fertilization is called:
Polyembryony
Apomixis
Parthenogenesis
Parthenocarpy
