Prepare for NEET with Botany-specific practice questions. Covering all major Botany chapters, this is perfect for your NEET Biology needs.
A novel unicellular eukaryote is discovered with an unusual Golgi apparatus. Instead of the typical cis-trans polarity, its Golgi cisternae appear randomly distributed throughout the cytoplasm. Which cellular process would be MOST severely impacted by this disorganized Golgi?
Ribosome biogenesis
Transcription of mRNA
Targeted protein delivery to lysosomes and the plasma membrane
ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation
Which of the following is NOT a function associated with the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?
Lipid synthesis
Detoxification of drugs and poisons
Calcium ion storage
Glycosylation of proteins
A mutation affects a eukaryotic cell's ability to add mannose-6-phosphate tags to proteins. Which organelle's function would be MOST directly compromised?
Nucleus
Peroxisome
Lysosome
Mitochondrion
Which of the following statements regarding the signal recognition particle (SRP) and its receptor is INCORRECT?
The SRP receptor is an integral membrane protein of the ER.
SRP binds to both the signal sequence and the ribosome, halting translation.
SRP guides the ribosome-mRNA complex to the ER membrane.
SRP binds to the nascent polypeptide chain only after it has completely emerged from the ribosome.
A mutation in a cell leads to the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER lumen. Which of the following cellular processes is MOST directly affected?
Autophagy
N-linked glycosylation
ER-associated degradation (ERAD)
Vesicular transport from ER to Golgi
Mannose-6-phosphate receptors are crucial for targeting proteins to which cellular compartment?
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Lysosomes
Peroxisomes
Lipid rafts are specialized microdomains within the cell membrane. Which of the following statements about their composition and function is INCORRECT?
They are enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids.
They are involved in signal transduction and membrane trafficking.
They exhibit reduced fluidity compared to the surrounding membrane.
They are primarily composed of unsaturated phospholipids and peripheral membrane proteins.
Which type of membrane protein is MOST likely to be involved in cell-cell recognition and adhesion?
Peripheral membrane proteins
Integral membrane proteins without glycosylation
Glycoproteins
Channel proteins
A researcher is studying facilitated diffusion of a novel solute 'X' across a cell membrane using an artificial lipid bilayer system. They observe that increasing the concentration of X on one side of the membrane increases the rate of transport, but only up to a certain point. Beyond this point, further increases in X concentration do not affect the transport rate. Which of the following BEST explains this observation?
The membrane has reached its maximum permeability for X.
The solute X is being actively transported at higher concentrations.
Saturation of the carrier proteins
The solute X is inhibiting its own transport through feedback regulation.
In a hypothetical cell, the facilitated diffusion of a solute 'Y' is observed to be significantly faster than predicted by simple diffusion models. However, the transport rate plateaus at high concentrations of Y. Which of the following is the MOST likely explanation for this observation?
The cell membrane is selectively permeable to Y.
The solute Y is transported via carrier proteins.
The solute Y is undergoing active transport.
The cell is modifying Y during transport.
